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- 2015-08-04 发布于安徽
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文学翻译中的语境化理解浅析
—以《红楼梦》中人物对话译文为例
A Study on Contextualized Interpretation in Literature Translation
—Taking the conversation in A Dream of Red Mansions as example
摘要
文学交流日益增多的今天,文学翻译也成为一个重要的研究领域。如大家所认同的,翻译是另一种形式的语言交际。因此,有语言交流的地方就必然产生语境。自上世纪70年代以来,语境化已经成为一个热门的研究领域。文学作品的译者在努力向读者传达原作作者的意思时必然要考虑作品中所涉及的语境因素。
此篇论文就文学翻译中的语境化理解做了初级的分析,把语境化问题分为上下文语境,情景语境,文化语境三个方面并结合《红楼梦》这部文学作品中人物对话翻译的具体实例探讨语境化对文学翻译的制约,阐述了译者在翻译作品时需要注意的问题。
关键字:文学翻译,语境,语境化。
Abstract
Because of the increasing communication between literatures, the literature translation is developing an important field to study. As people agree with, translation is another form of language communication. Therefore, where the communication goes, the context follows. Since 70s of last century, contextualization has been a booming subject. When trying to transmit the proper meaning, Translators have to consider the contextual factors involved in those literature works.
This paper has tried to make a junior analysis of the contextualized interpretation in literature translation, and it has divided the contextualized interpretation into four topics, the context of co-text, the context of situation, and the context of culture, and at the same time it has combined with the translation of conversations in A Dream of Red Masions to probe the constraint of contextualization in literature translation to clarify the issues that translators need to consider during the translating.
Key words: literature translation, context, contextualization.
一、引言
翻译是一种跨语言的交际工具。与可以使用手势,面部表情等非语言符号手段不同的是,翻译只局限在语言符号中,这就意味着翻译受到语言因素的制约。
语境在语言交际中起着至关重要的作用。西方的语境论呈现出一条比较明晰的发展轨迹:即从小语境到大语境,从言内语境到情景语境,再到文化语境。[7] 但“语境”作为一个清晰的语言学概念一般被认为是由人类学家马林诺夫斯基于1923年最早提出的。随着马林诺夫斯基研究的深入,他又提出了情景语境和文化语境两大类,继而20世纪50年代左右,弗斯提出“语境”的概念范围应当扩展到社会层面,他认为语言活动是一种社会行为。所以如果解读语言意义,就必须对社会环境有所认识和了解。韩礼德认识到了语境变量与语言结构的密切关系,由此将语境和系统功能语言学很好的结合起来。20世纪80年代Sperber 和 Wilson 提出将语境的重点转移到了认知理论上,把语境看成了一个心里构建体,阐释道:语境要经过认知化才能在意义的理解和生成中发挥作用。1992年,杜郎提和固德温主编的《语境在思考》总结了
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