核电装置换热器钛管的失效分析及解决对策.pdfVIP

第 15 届全国反应堆结构力学会议论文集 424 核电装置换热器钛管的失效分析及其解决对策 杨振国1 （复旦大学材料科学系，上海 200433 ） 摘要：采用近二十种宏微观分析技术和测试方法，对国外进口的 CANDU-6 型核电装置换热器传热钛管发生的若干 起泄漏案例进行了系统的失效分析。通过破口形态的观察和分析，在国内外首次发现了钛管在海水环境下存在氢鼓 泡的失效机制，并揭示出另外 5 种不同的失效机制及其对应的形貌特征。明确认定钛管在设计、制造、安装过程中 的某些疏忽是导致其过早失效的主要原因，而其他异物，如贝壳、泥沙、橡胶带等进入管内引起的堵塞是另一重要 原因。提出了一系列针对性的解决方法，经实施后效果显著。 关键词：传热钛管；换热器；核电装置；海水；失效分析。 Failure Analysis and Countermeasure on Titanium Tubes of Heat Exchangers in Nuclear Power Facility YANG Zhen-Guo (Department of Materials Science , Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China) Abstract: By using about twenty macroscopic and microscopic analysis techniques and testing methods, failure analysis on a number of leakage cases of heat transfer titanium tubes, which occurred in some heat exchangers of nuclear power facility with type of CANDU-6 from abroad, was systematically carried out. Through observation and analysis on fractographs of the failure tubes, a new kind of failure mechanism by hydrogen-blistering existed in the tubes under circumstance of seawater was firstly found at home and abroad; other five kinds of failure mechanisms as well as their corresponding morphology distinctions were also revealed. It was definitely identified that the inappropriate ways adopted in design, manufacture and installation of the tubes, resulting in their premature failure, were primary causes and chocking of the tubes resulted from some foreign materials like oyster shell, sediment, and rubber-lined belt, etc. was the other important cause. A series of specific countermeasures, which have been demonstrated successfully after implementation, were thus put forward. Moreover, the achievements obtained can also provide instructive