Pneumonia课件.ppt

Pneumonia Definition ? Pneumonia is an acute infection of the parenchyma of the lung(肺实质), caused by bacteria, fungi(真菌）, virus, parasite（寄生虫） etc. ? Pneumonia may also be caused by other factors including X-ray, chemical, allergen Epidemiology The morbidity and mortality of pneumonia are high especially in old people. Etiology There are two factors involved in the formation of pneumonia , including pathogens and host defenses. Classification Classification of anatomy Classification of pathogen Classification of acquired environment Ⅰ.Classification by pathogen Pathogen classification is the most useful to treat the patients by choosing effective antimicrobial agents Bacterial pneumonia (1) Aerobic Gram-positive bacteria,such as streptococcus pneumoniae, staphy- lococcus aureus, Group A hemolytic streptococci (2) Aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, such as klebsiella pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli (3) Anaerobic bacteria Atypical pneumonia Including Legionnaies pneumonia , Mycoplasmal pneumonia ,chlamydia pneumonia. Fungal pneumonia Fungal pneumonia is commonly caused by candida(念珠菌) and aspergilosis(曲菌). pneumocystis jiroveci（肺孢子虫） Viral pneumonia Viral pneumonia may be caused by adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex Pneumonia caused by other pathogen Rickettsias (a fever rickettsia), (立克次体） parasites(寄生虫) protozoa（原虫） Ⅱ.Classification by anatomy 1. Lobar（大叶性）: Involvement of an entire lobe 2. Lobular（小叶性）: Involvement of parts of the lobe only, segmental or of alveoli contiguous to bronchi (bronchopneumonia). 3. Interstitial（间质性） Lobar pneumonia Lobular pneumonia Interstitial pneumonia Classification by acquired environment Community acquired pneumonia，C