外文翻译--应用坐标测量机的机器人运动学姿态的标定.doc

Full-Pose Calibration of a Robot Manipulator Using a Coordinate- Measuring Machine Morris R. Driels, Lt W. Swayze USN and Lt S. Potter USN Department of Mechanical Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, US The work reported in this article addresses the kinematic calibration of a robot manipulator using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) which is able to obtain the full pose of the end-effector. A kinematic model is developed for the manipulator, its relationship to the world coordinate frame and the tool. The derivation of the tool pose from experimental measurements is discussed, as is the identification methodology. A complete simulation of the experiment is performed, allowing the observation strategy to be defined. The experimental work is described together with the parameter identification and accuracy verification. The principal conclusion is that the method is able to calibrate the robot successfully, with a resulting accuracy approaching that of its repeatability. Keywords: Robot calibration; Coordinate measurement; Parameter identification; Simulation study; Accuracy enhancement 1. Introduction It is well known that robot manipulators typically have reasonable repeatability (0.3 ram), yet exhibit poor accuracy (10.0 mm). The process by which robots may be calibrated in order to achieve accuracies approaching that of the manipulator is also well understood [1]. In the calibration process, several sequential steps enable the precise kinematic parameters of the manipulator to be identified, leading to improved accuracy. These steps may be described as follows: 1. A kinematic model of the manipulator and the calibration process itself is developed and is usually accomplished with standard kinematic modelling tools [2]. The resulting model is used to define an error quantity based on a nominal (manufacturers) kinematic parameter set, and an unknown, actual parameter set which is to be identified. 2. Experimental measurements of the rob