快堆研究背景.docVIP

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Fast Reactor Data Retrieval and Knowledge Preservation Background This initiative is in response to Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR) Member States’ expressed needs to maintain and increase the present knowledge and expertise in nuclear science and technology. In a nutshell, the IAEA initiative seeks to establish a comprehensive, international inventory of fast reactor data and knowledge, which would be sufficient to form the basis for fast reactor development in 30 to 40 years from now. This knowledge base is intended to provide access to the national guardians of assured quality information in the basic research, design, safety, fabrication, construction, operation, and in the decommissioning of fast reactors. For three decades several countries had important fast breeder reactor development programs. Fast test reactors (Rapsodie (France), KNK-II (Germany), FBTR (India), JOYO (Japan), DFR (UK), BR-10, BOR-60 (Russia), EBR-II, Fermi, FFTF (USA)) were operating in several countries, with commercial size prototypes (Phénix, Superphénix (France), SNR-300 (Germany), MONJU (Japan), PFR (UK), BN-350 (Kazakhstan), BN-600 (Russia)) just under construction or coming on line. However, from the 1980s onward, and mostly for economical and political reasons, fast reactor development in general began to decline. By 1994, in the USA, the Clinch River Breeder Reactor (CRBR) had been cancelled, and the two fast reactor test facilities, FFTF and EBR-II had been shutdown - with EBR-II permanently, and FFTF, until recently, in standby condition, but now also facing permanent closure. Thus, in the U.S., effort essentially disappeared for fast breeder reactor development. Similarly, programs in other nations were terminated or substantially reduced. In France, Superphénix was shut down at the end of 1998; SNR-300 in Germany was completed but not taken into operation, and KNK-II was permanently shut down in 1991 (after 17 years of operation) and is scheduled to be disman

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