阅读理解猜词技巧及实例探索.docVIP

阅读理解猜词技巧 出题者尽管是按照大纲规定的词汇范围命题，对超纲词汇用汉语注出，但对应试者个人来说，仍然还会遇到命不少的生词，尤其是那些影响对整篇文章理解的生词。生词不仅是一个拦路虎，而且给考生增加了精神压力。学会和运用科学的猜词技巧和方法。以下从八方面谈谈阅读理解的猜词技巧（词缀法除外）： The womans feet hurt，so she went to a podiatrist． podiatrist（足病医生）。 CET- 2002\1\4 Lawyers can specialize in “elder law”, which covers everything from trusts to…. Businessman see huge opportunities in the elderly market….” Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,” one professor says. 二、利用语义相反、对照信息猜词。 有时文章在描述两件事物的不同特征时，使用了截然相反的词，形成鲜明的对照，这时可以给读者以暗示，从而猜出生词的意思。如： CET-4 98\1 Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused… 例3：The major points of your plan are clear to me，but the details are still hazy． hazy，显然和 clear的意思相反，为“模糊”或“迷惑”的意思。 4：Unlike her gregarious sister，Jane is a shy，unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends． Jane是一个腼腆而不善交际的人，和她的姐姐的性格恰恰相反，那么gregarious（爱交际的）的意思就迎刃而解了。 “系表结构”的句子有两种表意功能，一是表语说明主语的形状或特征，二是表语和主语是同位关系，即表语的内容等于主语的内容。后者往往是猜词的最好线索。如： 例6：Insomnia is the inability of fall asleep or sleep restlessly． insomnia无疑就是“失眠”了。 同位语是对中心词的诠释和说明，利用这一点，可以弄清生词的意思。如： 例7：The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”，students who take test for other students． students who take test for other students（替他人考试）是对“ringers作解释的，ringers（代考者）的意思就不难悟出了。 8：For several years，scientists have been testing a substance called interferon，a potential wonder drug that is proven to be effective in treating a variety of ailments，including virus infections，bacteria infections，and tumors． a potential wonder drug．．．and tumors是解释什么叫interferon的，根据句意说interferon是一种对病毒感染，细菌感染和肿瘤治疗有效的奇药，至少猜出它是一种罕见的药物，如果对医药比较关心，就可知道它是“干扰素”。如果运用构词知识把它和interfere（干扰）联系起来考虑，那就更好了。 定语从句也是修饰和说明中心词的，根据其提供的信息，也不失为一种猜词的好方法。如： 例9：Procrastinators are people who have a chronic habit of putting things off，usually until the last