体外生物转化合成酶途径生产生物燃料翻译.doc

Biofuel production by in vitro synthetic enzymatic pathway biotransformation 体外生物转化合成酶途径生产生物燃料 Cell-free synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB) is the implementation of complicated biochemical reactions by in vitro assembling a number of enzymes or their complexes and coenzymes. 无细胞生物转化合成途径（SyPaB）是复杂的生化反应过程。它在体外装配一系列的酶、酶的复合物和辅酶。 Assembly of numerous enzymes without cellular membrane, gene regulation, or undesired pathway can circumvent some of the obstacles to modifying living microorganisms. 无细胞膜，基因调控，或未知的过程的酶的装配过程会规避一些障碍修正活的微生物。 Several synthetic pathways for the production of liquid biofuels — alcohols and hydrocarbon precursors (polyols) as well as gaseous biofuel — hydrogen have been presented. 有人已经报道了几种用于生产生物燃料合成 醇类和烃类前体（多元醇）以及气态燃料 氢气。The present constraints to SyPaB include the lack of stable enzymes as Lego-like building blocks, the different optimal reaction conditions for individual enzyme, and the use of costly labile coenzymes. 目前制约包括Lego的，不同的酶最佳反应条件，以及昂贵的不稳定辅酶使用。It is expected that high-yield SyPaB will be an important platform for producing low-cost biofuels and biochemicals. 不难想象，高收率无细胞生物转化合成途径（SyPaB）将是生产低成本的生物燃料和物品的重要途径。 Introduction Sustainable development of humankind needs the production of renewable energy at affordable costs. 人类的可持续发展需要用可以承受的代价生产可再生能源。 Current transportation accounts for approximately 20% of global energy consumption. 目前，全球约20％的能源消耗在交通运输上。 Owing to some special requirements for the transportation sector, such as high power density and high-energy storage capacity in a small volume, potential solutions for the transportation sector are limited. 由于对交通部门的一些特殊要求，如高功率密度和高能量小体积的存储容量，很少存在解决运输部门可能的方案。 Biomass, the most abundant renewable bioresource, is the only low-cost renewable resource that can be used for the production of large amounts of transportation fuels and renewable materials (e.g., paper and polylactic acid). 生物是最丰富的可再生生物资源，也是唯一低成本的可用于运输燃料和大量生产再生材料（例如，纸和聚乳酸）的可再生资源， Natural terrestrial plants collect nonpoint