Myers+Psy16心理失调心理学课件.pptVIP

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY  Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorder a “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be: atypical--not enough in itself disturbing--varies with time and culture maladaptive--harmful unjustifiable--sometimes there’s a good reason Historical Perspective Perceived Causes movements of sun or moon lunacy--full moon evil spirits Ancient Treatments exorcism, caged like animals, beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, blood replaced with animal’s blood Psychological Disorders Medical Model concept that diseases have physical causes can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured assumes that these “mental” illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital Psychological Disorders Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective assumes that biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorders--Etiology DSM-IV American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders presently distributed as DSM-IV-TR (text revision) Psychological Disorders- Etiology Neurotic Disorder (term seldom used now) usually distressing but that allows one to think rationally and function socially Psychotic Disorder person loses contact with reality experiences irrational ideas and distorted perceptions Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder person is tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensation Anxiety Disorders Phobia persistent,