小脑间脑及其功能障碍.ppt

小 脑 Cerebellum 1) 小脑中脚 Middle cerebellar peduncle is composed of fibres which arises in the opposite side of the pontine nuclei and pass to the cerebellum, transmit impulses which reach the the pons from the cerebral cortex. This peduncle consists mainly of afferent fibres to the cerebellum，inlude -- posterior spinocerebellar tract； -- the fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus, This is the principal efferent pathway from the cerebellum, its fibra arises mainly from the dentate nucleus齿状核, and passes anterosuperiorly to the opposite thalamus丘脑 and red nucleus of the midbrain. ◇ 传入纤维 Afferent fibers -- receive input from vestibular nuclei and vestibular nerve 间 脑 Diencephalon  1 位置 Position ◇ 背侧丘脑 Dorsal thalamus ◇ 上丘脑 Epithalamus ◇ 下丘脑 Hypothalamus ◇ 后丘脑 Metathalamus ◇ 底丘脑 Subthalamus 非特异性中继核 Nonspecific relay nuclei 联络性核群 Association nuclei 特异性中继核 Special relay nuclei 3 特异性中继核 Special relay nuclei 1) 腹前核 Ventral anterior nucleus 2) 腹外侧核 Ventral lateral nucleus ◇ 腹后内侧核 Ventral Posteromedial nucleus ◇ 腹后外侧核 Ventral posterolateral nucleus 后丘脑 Metathalamus 2 外侧膝状体 Lateral geniculate body (LGN) 下丘脑 Hypothalamus ◇ 视前区 Preoptic region ◇ 视上区 Supraoptic region ◇ 结节区 Tuberal region ◇ 乳头体区 Mamillary region 第三脑室 Third ventricle Tuberoinfundibular tract 结节漏斗束 Median eminence Portal v. Hypophyseal v. anterior lobe （其分泌物调节垂体前叶的分泌） Infundibular nucleus 漏斗核 4 下丘脑的功能 The function of hypothalamus ① 下丘脑是神经内分泌的中心，调节机体的内分泌活动 -- the center of neuroendocrine ② 它皮质下自主神经活动的高级中枢，对体温、摄食、 生殖和水盐平衡进行广泛的调节 -- The high center of autonomic nerve activity subcortex carry out extensive regulation on temperature, ingestion, reproduction，equilibrium of water and salt, and endocrine activity. Receive relevant information directly through blood, such as body temperature, the change of blood ingredients and so on ③ 与边缘系统有密切关系，参与情绪行为的调节，如