口译第十五课答案.docVIP

. The WTO does NOT destroy jobs or widen the gap between rich and poor 6.世界贸易组织没有减少就业职位或者加大贫富差距 The relationship between trade and employment is complex. So is the relationship between trade and equality. 贸易和平等的关系就如同贸易和就业的关系般复杂。 Freer-flowing and more stable trade boosts economic growth. It has the potential to create jobs, it can help to reduce poverty, and frequently it does both. 更为自由的流通以及更为稳定的贸易促进会经济增长。而经济的增长可以创造工作机会，减少贫困，并且常常是两者兼顾。 The biggest beneficiary is the country that lowers its own trade barriers. The countries exporting to it also gain, but not as much. In many cases, workers in export sectors enjoy higher pay and greater job security. 降低自身贸易壁垒的成员国是最大的受益者。出口到那的国家也能从中获益，但没这么多。在很多情况下，出口领域的工人可以享受更高的薪水以及更大的工作安全保障。 However, producers and their workers who were previously protected clearly face new competition when trade barriers are lowered. Some survive by becoming more competitive. Others don’t. Some adapt quickly (for example by finding new employment), others take longer. 然而，当一国的贸易壁垒降低，之前受到保护的生产者和它们的工人们明显面临着新的竞争。其中有一些生产者通过增强竞争力而存活了下来，其它的则被淘汰。有一些工人例如通过找到新的工作而很快适应，而有一些则会花上更长的时间。 In particular, some countries are better at making the adjustments than others. This is partly because they have more effective adjustment policies. Those without effective policies are missing an opportunity because the boost that trade gives to the economy creates the resources that help adjustments to be made more easily. 尤其是，一些成员国在做出调整时比其它的成员国要好。形成这种状况的部分原因是因为它们提出了更为有效的调整政策。那些没有提出有效的调整政策的国家则错失了一个绝佳的机会。因为贸易对经济的推动为帮助成员国更容易的适应提供了资源。 The WTO tackles these problems in a number of ways. In the WTO, liberalization is gradual, allowing countries time to make the necessary adjustments. Provisions in the agreements also allow countries to take contingency actions against imports that are particularly damaging, but under strict disciplines. 世贸组织通过多种方式来处理这些问题。在世贸组织内部，变革是循序渐进的，它为成员国提供了做出必要调整所需要的时间。根据协议中的条款，成员国也可以对那些特别有损害性的进口采取紧急措施，但须在严格遵守要求的情况下进行。 At the same time, liberalization under th