Arrillage J.pdfVIP

2 TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 2.1 Introduction The conventional power transmission system is a complex network of passive compo- nents, mainly transmission lines and transformers, and its behaviour is commonly assessed using equivalent circuits consisting of inductance, capacitance and resistance. This chapter deals with the derivation of these equivalent circuits and with the formation of the system admittance matrix relating the current and voltage at every node of the transmission system. Among the many alternative ways of describing transmission systems to comply with Kirchhoff s laws, two methods, mesh and nodal analysis, are normally used. The latter has been found to be particularly suitable for digital computer work, and is almost exclusively used for routine network calculations. The nodal approach has the following advantages: The numbering of nodes, performed directly from a system diagram, is very simple. 0 Data preparation is easy. The number of variables and equations is usually less than with the mesh method for power networks. 0 Network crossover branches present no difficulty, 0 Parallel branches do not increase the number of variables or equations. 0 Node voltages are available directly from the solution, and branch currents are easily calculated. 0 Off-nominal transformer taps can easily be represented. 2.2 Linear Transformation Techniques Linear transformation techniques are used to enable the admittance matrix of any network to be found in a systematic manner. Consider, for the purposes of illustration, the network drawn in Figure 2.1. Five steps are necessary to form the network admittance matrix by linear transfor- mation, i.e. i Label the nodes in the original network. 6 2 TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 7 Figure 2.1 Actual connected network ii Number, in any order, the branches and branch admittances. iii Form the p