生物质基碳材料作为氧还原反应催化剂的研究进展.pdfVIP

化学通报 2015 年 第 78 卷 w2015016 进展评述 生物质基碳材料作为氧还原反应催化剂的研究进展  高书燕 苏景振 (河南师范大学化学化工学院 新乡 453007) 摘 要 燃料电池作为一种清洁能源有很大的发展前景，其阴极氧还原反应多采用铂基催化剂，但由于 贵金属铂的储量稀少、价格昂贵等原因，严重阻碍了燃料电池的商业化进程。寻找高活性、高稳定性的新材料 来替代阴极铂基催化剂成为燃料电池大规模商业化亟待解决的关键问题之一。研究表明，以生物质为原料的碳 材料有望成为商业铂基氧还原催化剂的一种理想替代品。本文综述了这方面的研究进展，并且展望了未来的发 展趋势。 关键词 生物质基 碳材料 催化剂 氧还原反应 Progress in Biomass-Based Carbon Materials as Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst Gao Shuyan, Su Jingzhen (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007) Abstract Fuel cells as a kind of clear energy source have great prospects, and Pt-based catalysts are often used to boost the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However the limited Pt reserves and high cost seriously obstruct the commercialization of fuel cells. To find new cheap materials with high ORR activity and stability to replace traditional Pt-based catalyst becomes one of the key issues of large-scale commercialization of fuel cells. Carbon-based materials derived from biomass are considered to be one of the ideal alternatives, which have been intensively investigated recently. The research progress in biomass-based carbon materials as ORR electrocatalysts was reviewed and the future development was prospected. Keywords Biomass, Carbon materials, Catalyst, Oxygen reduction reaction 经济和科技的快速发展、人口的迅猛增长致使化石能源日渐短缺、生态环境逐渐恶化，能源问题和 环境问题成为全球面临的两大主要问题，如何合理开发利用新能源成为人类面临的新课题。燃料电池是 直接以化学反应方式将燃料的化学能转换为电能的能量转换装