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《《PS4》》.pdf
Topological Terrain Map Resolution:
Intervisibility, Crest, and Military Crest
1 2
Donald R. Barr , Bard Mansager , William P. Fox, Thomas Riddle
Introduction
The depiction of terrain in computerized combat simulation models generally
takes the form of a discrete approximation. The modeled terrain surface is often
represented by a step function over a two-dimensional domain covered by a
tessellation of squares or hexagons. Military field testing applications use such
digitized terrain maps in connection with target tracking enhancements. Such
uses include improvements in accuracy of tracking in the elevation dimension
(“z-axis”) using Global Positioning System (GPS--satellite) information. Digital
maps are used in many modeling applications in connection with computer
displays of units on or above the terrain.
In the case where the domain of the approximating terrain surface is covered by
squares, it is common to designate the terrain resolution in terms of the length of
a side of such a square. Thus, “100-meter terrain”, refers to an approximating
function with domain partitioned into squares 100 meters on a side. As the
resolution is increased (25-meter and 3-meter terrain data bases are common),
the size of the terrain data base increases exponentially. This drives up the cost
of development of the database for a given size area, as well as the cost of
storing the database and using it in a modeling application.
An important determinant of interaction of opposing combat forces is their
intervisibility. Intervisibility calculations made between two points on the ground
using a given digital terrain database can provide approximations of how much
of a given unit (such as an Abrams tank or an infantry squad) located at one
point is exposed to visual contact by an opposing unit an another point. Such
calculations are computationally expensive, generally involving algorithms that
step along a vector (ra
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