产业集聚对跨国企业在华直接投资区位选择影响研究.docVIP

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文  摘  要  改革开放以来，影响跨国企业在华直接投资区位选择的主要因素不断发 展变化，90 年代中后期，产业集聚已成为重要的影响因素。与在区位上分 离的企业相比，产业集聚区域内的企业能更有效的适应市场状况；雇佣到所 需的工人并调节其劳动力就业水平；以较低的成本共享该区域特定的资本基 础设施和广泛的非贸易投入；更容易的分享集聚区域内关于产业和市场知识 的信息和思想。 本文运用产业集聚的理论框架，分别从空间接近性和外部经济性分析产 业集聚对跨国企业直接投资区位选择的影响；运用个体时点固定效应的面板 数据模型，构建比横截面数据模型更为真实的行为方程，并与传统的区位因 素进行比较分析。模型得出优惠政策不再是影响跨国企业直接投资分布的主 要因素，产业集聚区域低廉的劳动力、庞大的市场规模、较高的基础设施和 技术创新水平的影响程度更加重要。投资于产业集聚区域有利于跨国企业实 现规模和范围经济，降低成本；实现资源的优化配置，提高生产效率，加速 技术创新。此外，跨国企业的直接投资与产业集聚的形成存在互为因果的内 生机制，产业集聚实质上是由权限、贸易和信息联系构造的复杂网络，跨国 企业扮演了复杂网络中的 hub 角色，不仅促进了产业集聚的发展，又进一步 吸引更多跨国企业直接投资的入驻。 关键词：跨国企业，直接投资，产业集聚，货币外部经济，技术外部经 济，复杂网络 i 产业集聚对跨国企业在华直接投资区位选择的影响研究 Abstract Since reform and opening up, main factors affecting multinational corporations’ direct investment location choice in China have been developed and changed. Late in the 1990s, industrial clusters have become a major factor. Compared with enterprise located in isolated place, enterprises within industrial clusters can more effectively meet the market conditions, adjust their labor force and employment levels, share specific capital infrastructure of the region and a wide range of non-trade input facilities at lower cost and get information and ideas on industry and market within the region more easily. With the theoretical framework of industrial clusters, the paper analyze how do industrial clusters affect MNC’s direct investment location choice from space close to external economics respectively. Also, the paper use an individual-time fixed panel data model to build a more real acts equation than the cross section data model, and compare with traditional factors. That model suggests that policies is no longer preferential factors affecting the distribution of multinational direct investment, the cheap labor, huge market scale and infrastructure and high level of technological innovation which industrial clusters region owns are more important. Investment in industrial clusters region will help MNCs’ achieve scale and scope economy, reduce co