新高电压技术 教学课件 吴广宁 1.2.pptVIP

4. 提高气体压力的作用 The functions of enhancing gas pressure 在常压下空气的电气强度比较低，约为30kV/cm。即使采取上述各种措施来尽可能改善电场，其平均击穿场强也不可能超越这一极限。 Under normal pressure, the electrical strength of air is relatively weak, about 30kV/cm. Even taking all the measures above to improve the electric field, its average breakdown field strength can not exceed this limit. 可见，常压下空气的电气强度要比一般固体和液体介质的电气强度低得多。 In conclusion, the electrical strength of air at atmospheric pressure is much lower than that of common solid and liquid medium. 如果把空气压缩，使气压大大超过0.1MPa，它的电气强度能得到显著提高。这主要是因为提高气压可以大大减小电子的自由行程长度，从而削弱和抑制了电离过程。 If compress the air to make the pressure much higher than 0.1MPa, its electric intensity can be improved significantly. This is mainly because increase the air pressure can greatly reduce the length of electron free-path, thus weakening and suppression of the ionization process. 如能在采用高气压的同时，再以某些高电气强度气体（如SF6）代替空气，那就能获得更好的效果。 If the introduction of high pressure, simultaneously adoption of some high dielectric strength gases (such as SF6) instead of air, it will be able to get much better results. 5. 高真空和高电气强度气体SF6的采用 The adoption of high vacuum and high electric strength gas SF6 采用高真空也可以减弱气隙中的碰撞电离过程，从而显著提高气隙的击穿电压。 High-vacuum gap can also weaken the impact ionization process, thus significantly improve the breakdown voltage. 在电力设备中，实际采用高真空作为绝缘媒质的情况还不多，主要因为在各种设备的绝缘结构中大都还要采用各种固体或液体介质，它们在真空中都会逐渐释出气体，使高真空难以长期保持。 In electrical equipment, the practical applications of high vacuum as the insulating medium is not very often, largely because most of them adopt kinds of solid or liquid medium in their insulation structures, which will gradually release some gases, so that it is difficult to maintain high vacuum state for long. 有一些含卤族元素的强电负性气体电气强度特别高，因而可称之为高电气强度气体。采用这些气体来替换空气，可以大大提高气隙的击穿电压，甚至在空气中混入一部分这样的气体也能显著提高其电气强度。 Some halogen-containing strong electronegative gases of extremely high electric intensity can be calle