海洋环境损害责任法律问题的研究.pdfVIP

果责任也是存在很大的差别。根据《国家对国际不法行为的责任条款草案》的规定，传 统的国际法律责任主要有同意、自卫、反措施、不可抗力、危难、危急情况等六项免责 事由。根据海洋环境损害中国际损害后果责任的特殊性，其免责事由主要有：不可抗力、 紧急情况、受害方或第三方原因。 第四部分：海洋环境损害救济方式。无救济则无法律。而救济不应只包括事后补救 措施，还应当包括事前的预防措施。本文从海洋环境损害责任的传统救济方式与救济方 式的新发展两个方面对本部分进行研究，并提出笔者的一些尚处初级阶段的构想——国 际环境风险担保机构，以供大家探讨、指正。 第五部分：中国的海洋环境法律责任立法和司法改进。相较于国际海洋环境法律制 度，我国在立法上，相关法律文件分散不系统、上位法与下位法不协调、新法与旧法不 统一；司法上，目前，司法人员大多不具备对国际条约的良好运用能力以及国内相关程 序立法的缺失，诉讼机制难以有效发挥作用。 关键词：国家责任；国际损害后果责任；国际法不加禁止行为；海洋环境损害 2 Abstract The environment has no border. The development and usage of marine resource and benefiting from that are also an international issue. Based on the natural quality and the development of the ocean, the protection of the marine environment is not only the responsibility of the littoral states. Like Japan pouring the nuclear polluted water into its territorial waters during the Fukushima incident, no matter considering from the sustainable development of marine environment or from the benefit of the littoral states, the frequent occurring marine environment damaging incident is a problem that the international community needs to face to and solve. The states are important participants for dealing with major international problems and the subjects of international legal liability. For this reason, the study of state legal liability in the area of marine environment damaging is an inevitable trendoninternationalpractice. This article begins with the relative conception of international legal liability, differentiating the concept of international legal liability, state responsibility and the international liability for injurious consequences, comparing the difference of the international liability for injurious consequences, the traditional state responsibility, and discussing the necessity and significance of introducing the international liability for injurious consequences into marine environ