宁夏生态移民效益评价及研究--以红寺堡为例.pdf

摘 要 生态移民效益评价既是检验前期工作成效，又是实现后期移民工作改进和提高效率的重要 环节。 本文归纳总结了定性评价、定量评价、综合评价3种生态移民效益评价方法的优劣，认为 综合评价法更适于对宁夏生态移民效益进行评价；在可持续发展理论指导下，综合运用地理学、 生态学、经济学等多学科知识及现有研究成果，通过检索、频率排序、筛选、补充等手段，构 建了一套在空间上涵盖迁出区和迁入区，内容上包括生态效益、经济效益、社会效益的宁夏生 态移民效益评价指标体系；并以宁夏红寺堡生态移民区为研究背景，采用定性定量相结合的方 法对宁夏生态移民效益进行了实证评价研究。 评价结果表明：（1）宁夏生态移民总体效果良好，而且呈现出上升趋势。（2）宁夏生态移 民效益内部体现出生态效益＞经济效益＞社会效益的差异；而且在时间上表现出阶段性变化的 特征。（3）生态移民加快了脱贫致富步伐，促进了区域经济的发展。（4）生态移民社会效益明 显，改善了宁夏贫困地区的社会风貌。（5）生态移民实践中存在水资源利用、土地盐碱化、产 业结果与发展潜力、生态恢复、迁入区建设和管理等实际问题，制约着宁夏生态移民效益的进 一步提高。评价结果说明宁夏生态移民成效显著，能够实现生态恢复和实现经济发展的双重目 标，可以为生态环境脆弱区实现人地关系协调发展的成功借鉴。 为此，要进一步优化宁夏生态移民、提高生态移民效益，认为还需从强化水利设施建设、 提高水资源利用效率；加强产业结构调整，培育后续产业；加强生态移民安置地规划建设；拓 展内外联系渠道，建设开放性移民安置区；重视生态恢复建设等方面加大工作力度，切实提高 生态移民效益。 关键词：宁夏，生态移民，效益评价，优化 II Abstract The evaluation on ecological emigration benefitis can Calculat the Previous immigration works, and can also import the it efficiently . This paper summarized the three kinds of ecological emigration benefitis evaluation :qualitative evaluation, quantitative evaluation, comprehensive evaluation, thought the comprehensive evaluation method is more suitable for ningx ia ecological immigrant benefit s evaluation;through Searching, frequency sorting, Selecting, suppling, setted an evaluation indexs system of NingXia Province covered the emigration and immigration areas, including the ecological benefits, the economic benefits and the social benefits, directed by the sustainable development theory, using the knowledge of geography, ecology, economics science and the existing research results comprehensivly. Evaluated the ecological emigration benefits of NingXia based on HongSiPu Region with the method of combining qualitative and quantitative evaluation methed. The results showed that: 1 the overall effect of ningxias ecological immigration is good, and is rising. 2 the Internal differences of evaluation results is ecological benefits Economic benefi