潜规则的研究.pdf

潜 规 则 研 究 摘 要 潜规则是相对于社会正式规则而言的，是游弋在社会正式规则之外、或 隐或现地支配人们行为的规则。本文从性质、对象、表征三个方面，分别对 潜规则的类型作了划分，将潜规则分为：违反社会公序良俗的潜规则和具有 合理意义的潜规则，作为制度补充的潜规则和体现人性弱点的潜规则，已表 现为正式规则的潜规则和无法社会化的潜规则。就当代中国社会发展过程中 的潜规则的表现，分别从行政领域、商业领域，教育领域和娱乐领域作了初 步梳理，并就一些潜规则的解决提出了具体问题具体分析的观点。在此基础 上，指出潜规则有着存在的普遍性、范围的私下性、标准的非规范性等特点。 笔者认为潜规则形成的原因是复杂的，本文试图从文化、制度、人性三个方 面具体分析了潜规则产生的原因，提出潜规则是文化传统、制度缺陷和人性 存恶这三种原因交叉作用的观点，并就如何解决潜规则问题，提出了要首先 树立对潜规则的正确的价值评价体系，通过完善正式规则和加强道德建设来 逐渐减少潜规则的生存空间，尤其是官场潜规则的生存空间，特别就当今中 国社会人情困惑问题的解决提出了个人外化和个人内化相互作用的解决方 法。 [关键词] 潜规则；正式规则；道德建设；法制建设 Sub-regulations research Abstract Sub-regulations, opposite to the standard social regulations, refer to the regulations which sway outside the standard social regulations and dominate people’s behaviors visibly or invisibly. The thesis deals with the sub-regulations from three aspects of nature, objects, and some phenomena. It divides the sub-regulations into several types, namely the sub-regulation violating social common regulations and established customs, the sub-regulation with reasonable meaning, the sub-regulation complementary to institutions, the sub-regulation embodying weakness in human nature, the sub-regulation evolving into standard regulations, and the sub-regulation which can not be socialized. It analyzes some phenomena relating to the sub-regulations in the process of the social development in contemporary China from the fields of administration, business, education and recreation, and puts forward the viewpoint of dealing with different problems through different methods with reference to some su