摘 要
森林是陆地生态系统中面积最大的自然生态系统,为人类提供各种服务,但
由于不合理利用,森林生态系统出现了退化现象。内蒙古大兴安岭林区是我国面
积较大的国有林区之一,是重要的木材生产基地,兴安落叶松(Larix gmelini)是大
兴安岭林区的主要建群树种,长期以来,由于自然因素和人类不合理的干扰,该
森林生态系统出现不同程度的退化。杜香兴安落叶松林是该系统主要林分类型,
约占该区森林面积的80%以上。本文以大兴安岭杜香落叶松(Larix gmelini)林为
研究对象,分不同发育阶段,通过实地调查诊断,建立健康评价指标体系,采用
层次分析法对杜香落叶松林进行健康综合评价,主要结论如下:
1.影响杜香落叶松林健康的主要指标为:森林病虫害、森林鼠害、森林火
灾、生物多样性、土壤状况、污染状况、人为干扰7 个方面。在此基础上研建了
7 个层次16个指标构成的大兴安岭杜香落叶松林不同龄组的健康评价指标体系。
2.根据健康评价指标体系和杜香落叶松林分现状,结合国内外研究成果,
确定了各指标的测算方法、评价标准和健康等级划分:健康评价值[8-10]时为健
康状态,[6-8]时为亚健康状态,[4-6]时为一般健康状态, [0-4]时为不健康状
态。
3.杜香落叶松林健康评价结果为:幼龄林、中龄林、近成熟林的健康评价
值分别为:7.2837、8.1632、7.5984,结果表明,中龄林处于健康状态,幼龄林,
近、成熟林处于亚健康状态,整体杜香落叶松林的健康评价值为 7.8473,处于
亚健康状态。
4.影响幼龄林,中龄林,近、成熟林健康的关键因素分别为:土壤状况、
人为干扰、生物多样性,对其它因素分别进行分析。
关键词:杜香落叶松林;健康诊断;指标体系;评价
Ledum Palustre Larch in Daxinganling Forest Health Monitoring and
Evaluation
Abstract
Forest is the largest terrestrial ecosystems of natural eco-systems, and provides
human services. But because of the unreasonable use,forest ecosystem degradation
occurred. Forest district of Da xinan Mountains is one of the larger State-owned forest
region in China and it is an important production base of wood. Larix gmelini is the
main constructive species in this area. For a long time, because of natural fators and
human being activity, this forest ecosystem appeared degradation. Larix gmelini is
main specics in Da xinan Mountains. Its area is more than 80%. this paper took Larix
gmelini as research object, analyzed different stage of growth. Through field
investigation,establish health assessment index system, comprehensive evaluation on
forest health, got some results:
1. the main factors affecting Larix gmelini are 7 parts: plant diseases and insect
pests, injurious beast of forest; forest fire, biological dive
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