医学课件-Anatomical Measures.pptVIP

Anatomical MeasuresJohn AshburnerJohn@fil.Ion.Ucl.Ac.Uk Segmentation Morphometry Contents Segmentation Gaussian mixture model Including prior probability maps Intensity non-uniformity correction Morphometry Segmentation - Mixture Model Intensities are modelled by a mixture of K gaussian distributions, parameterised by: Means Variances Mixing proportions Can be multi-spectral Multivariategaussiandistributions Segmentation - Priors Overlay prior belonging probability maps to assist the segmentation Prior probability of each voxel being of a particular type is derived from segmented images of 151subjects Assumed to berepresentative Requires initialregistration tostandard space Segmentation - Bias Correction A smooth intensity modulating function can be modelled by a linear combination of DCT basis functions Segmentation - Algorithm Results contain some non-brain tissue Removed automaticallyusing morphologicaloperations Erosion Conditional dilation  Below: examples of segmented images Right: some non-brain tissue may be included in the GM and WM classes, which can be removed Above: T1 image and “brain mask” Centre: GM and WM before cleaning up Below: cleaned up GM and WM Known Problems Other Limitations Assumes that the brain consists of only GM and WM, with some CSF around it. No model for lesions (stroke, tumours, etc) Prior probability model is based on relatively young and healthy brains. Less appropriate for subjects outside this population. Needs reasonable quality images to work with artefact-free good separation of intensities Spatial Normalisation using Tissue Classes Multi-subject functional imaging requires GM of different brains to be in register. Better spatial normalisation by matching GM from segmented images, with a GM template. The future: Segmentation, spatial normalisation and bias correction combined into the same model. Spatial Normalisation using Tissue Classes The same strategy as for “Optimised VBM” Contents Segmentation Morphometr