医学课件-Bayesian Inference in SPM2.pptVIP

What’s new in SPM2 ? Spatial transformation of images Batch Mode Modelling and Inference Pooling assumption What’s new in SPM2 ? Corrections for Non-Sphericity Posterior Probability Maps (PPMs) Haemodynamic modelling Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) Non-sphericity Relax assumption that errors are Independent and Identically Distributed (IID) Non-independent errors eg. repeated measures within subject Non-identical errors eg. unequal condition/subject error variances Correlation in fMRI time series Allows multiple parameters at 2nd level ie. RFX Single-subject contrasts from Group FFX The Interface SPMs and PPMs PPMs The Interface The Interface * * Bayesian Inference in SPM2 Will Penny K. Friston, J. Ashburner, J.-B. Poline, R. Henson, S. Kiebel, D. Glaser Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College London, UK SPM99 Realignment Smoothing Normalisation General linear model Statistical parametric map (SPM) fMRI time-series Parameter estimates Design matrix Template Kernel p 0.05 Inference with Gaussian field theory Adjusted regional data spatial modes and effective connectivity Expectation-Maximisation (EM) Restricted Maximum Likelihood (ReML) Parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) Hierarchical model Single-level model Parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) Restricted Maximimum Likelihood (ReML) Hierarchical models Bayes Rule Example 2:Univariate model Likelihood and Prior Posterior Relative Precision Weighting Example 2:Multivariate two-level model Likelihood and Prior Assume diagonal precisions Posterior Precisions Data-determined parameters Assume Shrinkage Prior General Case: Arbitrary Error Covariances E-Step ( ) y C X C X C X C T y y T y 1 1 1 - - - = = e q q e q h M-Step y X y r q h - = for i and j { } { } { } { 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - = - - = e e e e q e e e C Q C Q tr J X C Q C X C tr r C Q C r C Q tr g i j ij i T y i T i i } k k Q C C g J ? + = - = - l l l q e 1 Friston, K. et al. (2002), Neuro