我国生态水利研究进展.pdfVIP

第35卷第5期 水 利 水 电科 技 进 展 2015年9月 Vol.35 No.5 Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources Sep. 2015 DOI:10.3880/ j.issn.1006 7647.2015.05.023 我国生态水利研究进展 姜翠玲,王摇 俊 (河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏 南京摇 210098) 摘要:阐述了生态水利的内涵和研究方向认为生态水文学、生态水力学、水利工程的生态环境效应 评价等是生态水利发展的理论基础。 生态水利的理念首先应反映在水利工程的规划与设计中,强 调水利工程在满足人类社会需求的同时,需要兼顾水域生态系统的健康和可持续性;对已建工程带 来的负面影响可通过栖息地的恢复和重建、水体生态修复、生态调度和水体的连通性的改善等来解 决。 分析了河道和流域栖息地生态修复的措施,总结了生态需水量的估算方法,辨识了水系连通性 的含义以及需要研究的关键问题,最后展望了生态水利的发展趋势,指出未来需要加强的研究方向 有:水文情势-生物响应关系的基础研究、水利工程生态效应评估的科学性与统一性等。 关键词:生态水利;生态水文学;生态水力学;水利工程生态效应;水生态修复;生态调度;水系连通 中图分类号:TV213;X171.1摇 摇 摇 文献标志码:A摇 摇 摇 文章编号:1006 7647(2015)05 0168 08 Recent advances of ecological water conservancy in China/ / JIANG Cuiling,WANG Jun(College of Hydrology and WaterResources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China) Abstract:The implications and research focuses of ecological water conservancy are stated. It is considered that eco鄄 hydrology,ecological hydraulics, and assessment of the eco鄄environmental effect of water conservancy projects are the theoretical basisfor the development of ecological water conservancy,that the idea of ecological water conservancy should befirst reflected in the planning and design of water conservancy projects,with the health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystemstaken into account,and that the negative effects of existing projects can be alleviated through the recovery and re鄄construction of habitats, aquatic ecology restoration, ecology regulation, water connectivity improvement, and other measures. Thispaperalsoanalyzesecologicalrestorationmeasuresforriversandwatershedhabitats,summarizesmethodsof estimating ecological water demand,defineswater connectivity,and identifies key rese