土木工程专业英语 作者 陈瑛 3.2.Limit State Design.pptVIP

3.2 Limit State Design  Limit state design requires the structure to satisfy two principal criteria: ultimate limit state承载能力极限状态 serviceability limit 正常使用极限状态 Ultimate Limit State A structure is deemed to satisfy the ultimate limit state criteria if all design values of load effect combination荷载效应组合 are below the design values of bearing capacity承载能力calculated for the section under consideration. Ultimate Limit State structural collapse of all or part of the structure ( very low probability of occurrence) and loss of life can occur. Loss of equilibrium of a part or all of a structure as a rigid body (tipping 使倾斜, 推倒, 使倾覆 , sliding of structure). Ultimate Limit States Rupture of critical components causing partial or complete collapse. (flexural, shear failure). Ultimate Limit States Formation of a plastic mechanism - yielding of reinforced forms plastic hinges at enough sections to make structure unstable. Instability cased by deformations of structure causing buckling of members. Fatigue - members can fracture under repeated stress cycles of service loads (may cause collapse). Serviceability Limit State A structure is deemed to satisfy the serviceability limit state when the constituent elements do not deflect by more than certain limits laid down in the building codes, the floors fall within predetermined vibration criteria, and crack widths in concrete are kept below specified dimensions. Serviceability Limit States Functional use of structure is disrupted, but collapse is not expected More often tolerated than an an ultimate limit state since less danger of loss of life. Excessive crack width leakage corrosion of reinforcement gradual deterioration of structure. Serviceability Limit States More often tolerated than an an ultimate limit state since less danger of loss of life. Excessive deflections for normal service caused by possible effects malfunction of machinery visually unacceptable Serviceability Limit States Mo