TheEvolutionofMachineTools-Faculty-EastTennessee.pptVIP

The Evolutionof Machine Tools ETSU ENTC 3020Technology Society Earliest Tools Primitive Hand tools Weapons Tools Mineral, Bone, Wood Stabbing, Cutting, Scraping, Drilling Early Tools Wheel Efficient Transportation Lever Mechanical Advantage Inclined Plane Screw Pole Lathe Medieval Machine Turned Round Parts “Bodgers” Itinerant Woodworkers Carpenters Blacksmiths Metalworkers/Jewlers Made Furniture, Home, Farm Implements A-frame Pole Lathe Pole Lathes Wheel Lathe Replace Polewith a Wheel Hand-cranked by assistant Continuous Cutting Contouring Treadle Wheel Lathe Heavy Flywheel Foot Treadle Solo Operation Continuous Cutting Contouring Treadle Lathe Powered Lathes Continuous Turning Water wheels Central, Overhead Shafts Leather belts transfer power to individual machines Factory System Engine Lathes Invented by the EnglishInventor Henry Maudsleyin 1800 First powered lathe with a “Lead Screw” Couples rotation of the spindle to the movement of the carriage (tool holder) Cut accurate screw (i.e., another lead screw) A machine that builds itself, jump starts the… Industrial Revolution Lathes Steam Engine Accurate cylinders pistons Steel Tough for cutting tools Ductile for boilers rails Modern Engine Lathe Electric Motor Geared Head Variable Spindle Speeds (Rotation) Variable Accurate Feeds (Tool Movement) Tolerances of 0.001 inch Multiple Screws Modern Vertical Mill Electric Motor Variable Spindle Speeds (Rotation) Accurate Table Position 3-Axis (X, Y, Z) Tilt “head” 2 Degrees of Freedom Tolerance of 0.001” Multiple Tool shapes Post-World War II Era Cold War with Soviet Union High Performance Aircraft Jet engines aircraft structures Very complex forms, mathematically determined Computing Devices Mechanical Using Gears and Cams Electrical Using Circuits and Tubes Transistors Invented in the mid-1940s at Bell Labs Integrated Circuits Invented in the 1960s at Texas Instruments Numerical Control Integrate machine tool with digital computer Compute