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Leadership in Specialty Alloys A WORLDWIDE LEADER IN SPECIALTY ALLOYS PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION CONTENTS Introduction 1 Melting Techniques 8 Electric Arc Melting and Argon-Oxygen Decarburization (AOD)9 Continuous Casting10 Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM)12 Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) and ElectroSlag Remelting (ESR) 14 Powder Metal Processing 16 Heat Treatment and Billet Conditioning18 Hot Working20 Forging and Cogging21 Rotary Forging 22 Hot Rolling24 Cold Finishing 28 Shaped Bar and Wire Products29 Large Bar and Bar Products30 Multi-Dimensional and Hollow Bar Products 32 Wire Products34 Strip Products36 Research and Development38 Product and Process Innovation39 Titanium and Powder Products40 The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes. There is no representation that the recipient of this literature will receive updated editions as they become available. © 2009, CRS Holdings, Inc. All rights reserved. 06-09/4M THE CARPENTER MILL AT A GL ANCE hot working and finishing facilities. Our primar y goal is to help our customers innovate to mee world. Electric-Arc Melting Argon-Oxygen Decarburization 4500-Ton (AOD) Forging