Chapter-10ElectricalEnergyMeasurementsDC-AC-NTDC.docVIP

Chapter 10 Electrical Energy Measurements DC-AC. It may be stated that the measurement of Energy is essentially the same process as the measurement of Power, except that the instrument used must not merely indicate the power, or rate of supply of energy, but must take into account also the length of time for which this rate of supply is continued. Actually, energy or “Supply” meters do not indicate power directly. For a given amount of energy supplied to a circuit, their registration should always be the same, no matter what the instantaneous values of the power during the time in which the energy is supplied. Types of Energy, or Supply Meters. There are five general types of energy, or supply meters:- Electrolytic Meters. Motor Meters. Clock Meters. Induction Meters. Solid State or Digital Energy Meters. The first type is essentially a d.c. instrument although it can be made to function in an a.c. circuit for the measurement of Kilovolt-ampere-hours by using a rectifier unit and a current transformer (see Fig: 10.1 below); the other two types may be used on either d.c. or a.c., according to their construction. The induction form of Motor Meter can, of course, only be used on a.c circuits, since its principle is the same as that of induction wattmeter. As already mentioned in chapter 6, supply meters used on d.c. circuits may be either ampere-hour or watt-hour, meters. In the former case, the registrations of the meter are converted to Watt-hours by multiplying by the voltage (assumed constant) of the circuit in which it is used. Usually such meters are calibrated to read direct in kilowatt-hours at the declared voltage, thud rendering the reading incorrect when used on any other voltage. 10-1 Fig. 10.1 Reason Rectifier Unit for Use With Electrolytic Meters. In the same way the question of power factor obviously prevents the use of such ampere-hour meters on a.c. The advantages of simplicity and cheapness in the case of ampere-hour meter is larg