Achievinghigh-densitystatesthroughshock-waveloading.PDFVIP

Achieving high-density states through shock-wave loading of precompressed samples †‡ § § § ¶ Raymond Jeanloz* , Peter M. Celliers , Gilbert W. Collins , Jon H. Eggert , Kanani K. M. Lee , R. Stewart McWilliams*, ´ Stephanie Brygoo , and Paul Loubeyre Departments of *Earth and Planetary Science and †Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; §Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ¶ Livermore, CA 94550; Department of Physics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003; and Commissariat a` l’Energie Atomique, 91680 Bruye`res-le-Chaˆtel, France Edited by Ho-kwang Mao, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, and accepted March 7, 2007 (received for review September 19, 2006) Materials can be experimentally characterized to terapascal pres- While recognizing that materials have been characterized at such sures by sending a laser-induced shock wave through a sample that conditions through specialized experiments (e.g., shock-wave mea- is precompressed inside a diamond-anvil cell. This combination of surements to the 10- to 100-TPa range in the proximity of under- static and dynamic compression methods has been experimentally ground nuclear explosions and from impact of a foil driven by demonstrated and ultimately provides access to the 10- to 100-TPa hohlraum-emitted x-rays) (1–3), laboratory experiments tend to (0.1–1 Gbar) pressure range that is relevant to planetary science, achieve significantly lower pressures. As with planetary phenom- testing first-principles theories of condensed matter, and expe