AE2350LectureNotes#5.pptVIP

AE 1350Lecture Notes #5 TOPICS TO BE COVERED Incompressible flow Streamlines and stream tubes Conservation of Mass (Continuity) Incompressible Flow Air is a compressible fluid. Its density WILL change if temperature changes, or if some external force is applied. Example: A child squeezing a balloon A flow is said to be incompressible if there are no changes in density attributable to (or caused by) the velocity or speed of the flow. Theory and observations in wind tunnels suggest that most flows may be treated as incompressible (I.e. constant density) until the Mach number is sufficiently high (0.4 or so.) What has flow speed got to do with compressibility? Shocks form when the acoustic waves generated by the air particles in front of the body can not outrun the body. Streamlines in Steady Flow Streamlines over a Cylinder(Low Reynolds Number of 10) Streamlines over a Cylinder(High Reynolds Number of 2000) Streamlines over an AirfoilatHigh Angles of Attack Continuity Consider a stream tube, i.e. a collection of streamlines that form a tube-like shape. Within this tube mass can not be created or destroyed. The mass that enters the stream tube from the left (e.g. at the rate of 1 kg/sec) must leave on the right at the same rate (1 kg/sec). Continuity Continuity (Continued..) Venturi Tube is a DeviceforMeasuring Flow Ratewe will study later. * WE HAVE LOOKED AT.. Why should we study properties of atmosphere? Ideal Gas Law: p = rRT Variation of Temperature with Altitude Variation of Pressure with Altitude Variation of Density with Altitude Tables of Standard Atmosphere Fluid particles send out signals in the form of acoustic waves to the surrounding fluid, indicating their motion. If there is sufficient time for the sound waves to travel before the fluid particle arrives, the fluid particles downstream will “hear” the message and clear out. Otherwise, there will be a crush (compression), or even a stampede (shock wave). Shocks Streamlines describe the