Colon_Knicole.ppt.pptVIP

Part I Properties and Origins of Long GRBs The Origin of Long-Period GRBs Knicole Colón High Energy Astrophysics March 5, 2008 Long-Period GRBs Standard total energy 1051 ergs Bursts last for t 2 sec (longest known has t~2000 sec) Have associated X-ray, optical, and radio afterglows XRFs are similar to long GRBs but extend to softer, fainter regime (exact connection is still uncertain) Long-Period GRBs Located near center of SFRs in host galaxies at z = 2.3 (from Swift observations) Hosts are late-type, mostly irregular, dwarf galaxies Some are found to be associated with luminous core-collapse Type Ic SNe (Gehrels Cannizzo 2007) Swift Observations Swift carries 3 instruments: Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) X-Ray Telescope (XRT) UV-Optical Telescope (UVOT) (Data from /docs/swift/swiftsc.html) BAT Light Curves Long GRB X-Ray Afterglows (Gehrels 2008) A Canonical X-Ray Afterglow Light Curve (Zhang 2007) Optical Afterglows (Price et al. 2003) Radio Afterglows (Pihlstr?m et al. 2007) How do these afterglows relate to the origins of long duration GRBs? What else does the GRB-SNe relation tell us about the progenitors of these GRBs? Single Stars as Progenitors Long GRBs associated with core collapse of massive Wolf-Rayet stars Collapse yields stellar-size BHs or rapidly spinning, highly magnetized neutron stars Infalling material forms a torus around central compact object Subsequent accretion of material in the torus fuels gamma-ray jet Internal shocks within gamma-ray jet and external shocks with residual wind material result in GRBs (or XRFs) and the afterglows (**Note: the Cannon Ball Model will not be taken into account here**) Collapsar (or Fireball) Model (From www.oamp.fr) Evidence for GRB-SNe Connection Four direct observations of SNe associated with GRBs All SNe are confirmed as Type Ic (have no/weak H, He, Si II lines broad spectral lines) Rebrightenings detected during late stages of afterglows indicate SN contribution Most host galaxies have