lecture 12 被动语句.pptVIP

Translation of the Passive Features of the English Passive 1. Frequent Use of the Passive The passive abounds in English. Generally speaking, when the agent is unknown or need not be mentioned, or the object of the action is to be emphasized, the passive may be employed. In the vast majority of cases, the passive is chosen for the following reasons. 1). The logical subject (agent) is known and need not be mentioned. Visitors are requested to wait. 来宾请等候。 2). The logical subject is unknown or cannot be readily stated. New factories are being built all over the country. 全国到处在兴建新工厂。 3). The logical subject is self-evident from the context. Your suggestion has been duly noticed. 你的建议得到了适当的注意。 4). The logical subject is not mentioned for some reasons (tact or delicacy of statement). Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. 今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。 5). The logical subject is less important than the object. A child was run over and killed by a bus. 一个小孩被公共汽车轧死了。 6). The logical subject is avoided for coherence on account of shifting construction. John actually loved her and was loved in return. 约翰真的爱她，而她也爱约翰。 7). The logical subject is avoided for stylistic reasons. The first clock with weights and wheels is said to have been invented about the year 1,000 A. D., but clocks of that kind could not be carried about from place to place. Another four hundred and fifty years passed before the first watch was made in Germany. 据说第一座装有钟摆和齿轮的钟大约是在公元一千年左右发明的，但是这样的钟不便携带。又过了四百五十年，第一块表才在德国制造出来。 2. Features of the Chinese Passive 1.Infrequent use of the passive form Unlike English, the Chinese Passive form is rarely used except for the following cases. 1). Denote something undesirable or unpleasant. 被：被捕　be arrested, 被杀　be killed,　被俘 be captured, 被剥削be exploited 字被我写坏了。　　Idiomatic 字被我写了。 ??? 字被我写好了。??? 让：让人摆布 allow oneself to be ordered about, be at the mercy