恢复生态学（pdf）.pdfVIP

第二届现代生态学讲座 中国·北京 The second International Symposium on Modern Ecology.Beijing,China 恢复生态学 任海１ １ 2 彭少麟 邬建国 １中国科学院华南植物研究所 广州 510650 ２ Arizona State University West, Phoenix, AZ 85069, ＵSA 摘要 恢复生态学起源于 100 年前的山地、草原、森林和野生生物等自然资源的管理研究，形成于80 年代。它 是研究生态整合性的恢复和管理过程的科学，生态整合性包括生物多样性、生态过程和结构、区域及历史情 况、可持续的社会实践等广泛的范围。恢复生态学的研究对象是在自然或人为干扰下形成的偏离自然状态的退 化生态系统。生态恢复的目标包括恢复退化生态系统的结构、功能、动态和公益，其长期目标是通过恢复与保 护相结合，实现生态系统的可持续发展。恢复生态学的理论与方法较多，它们均源于生态学等相关学科，但自 我设计和人为设计理论是唯一源于恢复生态学研究和实践。由于生态系统的复杂性，退化生态系统恢复的方向 和恢复时间具有不确定性，其恢复的机理可用临界阈值理论进行解释。此外，本文还介绍了生态系统功益的恢 复、生物多样性资源在恢复中的作用、以及恢复生态学与相关学科的关系。 Abstract 1 1 2 1 2 Ren, H., S. Peng , and J. Wu ( South China Institute of Botany, Guangzhou, 510650; Arizona State University West, Phoenix, AZ85069, USA). Restoration Ecology. The ideas of restoring biotic communities originated 100 years ago from studies of degraded ecosystems and natural resource management practices. Restoration ecology became established as a discipline in the 1980s and is broadly defined as the study of restoring and managing ecological integrity. Ecological integrity includes biodiversity, ecological pattern and process, regional and historical context, and societal practices for sustainability. Restoration ecology focuses on ecosystems that are driven away from their normal states by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. The main objective of ecological restoration is to reconstruct the structure, function, dynamics and services, and its long-term goal is to achieve ecological sustainability through restoration and p