不同前茬作物下蓿草地杂草特征及防控研究.pdf

摘 要 为更有效地控制苜蓿草地杂草，试验以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)及影响其生 长的杂草为研究对象，采用诱萌法，在内蒙古林西县，分别对青贮玉米(Zea mays L.) 、 尖叶胡枝子(Lespedeza hedysaroides (Pall.)Kitag.)和沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) 3 种前茬作物下生长第 2 年的苜蓿草地及苜蓿与黍(Panicum miliaceum L.)混播地土壤 杂草种子库和田间杂草特征进行研究，同时调查了苜蓿净的杂草防除效果。 结果表 明： （1）前茬作物对苜蓿草地杂草的种类、密度均有影响，且存在显著差异；前茬 作物对苜蓿的产量也有一定影响。 （2 ）前茬作物对苜蓿草地土壤杂草种子库与田间杂草间的相似性影响较小，苜 蓿草地土壤种子库与田间杂草共有种密度间存在不完全相关性。 （3 ）苜蓿与黍混播草地杂草种类、密度相对单播苜蓿地有所减少，且杂草种类 有差异，对其土壤种子库与田间杂草相似性的影响不大。 （4 ）苜蓿净持效性好，防除杂草时间长，但对苜蓿产量有影响；0.75kg/hm2 苜 2 蓿净防效高于 1.05kg/hm 苜蓿净。 （5 ）除草可降低苜蓿草地土壤杂草种子库密度，有效控制杂草的滋生、蔓延。 人工除草是最有效的防除方式，但实际操作中，用时长，耗费人力、物力；化学防除 虽对苜蓿有一定的影响，而且对杂草的灭除有选择性，但较省时，容易操作，适合在 大面积种植时推广。 关键词：苜蓿草地；前茬作物；土壤种子库；杂草特征；防除 Study on Weed Characteristics and Control of Alfalfa’s Grassland under Different Previous Crops Abstract In order to control weeds of alfalfa effectively, studying the characteristics of Alfalfa soil weed seedbank and aboveground, by the inducing germination method, four situations were designed at Linxi County, Inner Mongolia, which were Zea mays’s previous crops, Lespedeza hedysaroides ’s previous crops, Astragalus adsurgens ’s previous crops and Alfalfa and Panicum miliaceum mixed land. Control effect of Muxujing was also studied. The results were as follows: (1) Previous crops had effect on species and density of weed in Alfalfa, and there were significant differences. Previous crops also had effect on the yield of Alfalfa. (2) Previous crops had less effect on similarity of Alfalfa’s soil weed seed bank and aboveground, of which common specie’s density was incomplete. (3) Weed species and density of Alfalfa and millet Mixed was decreased, and weed species had difference from unicast Alfalfa ; Alfalfa and millet Mixed had less effect