不同酸提取条件下几种含钾矿物中钾释放动力学研究.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2012,45(22):4643-4650 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.22.010 不同酸提取条件下几种含钾矿物中钾释放动力学研究 王 瑾，李小坤，鲁剑巍，王 筝，占丽平 （华中农业大学资源与环境学院，武汉 430070 ） 摘要： 【目的】研究不同含钾矿物中钾的释放及动力学，为土壤钾素肥力的合理评价及土壤钾的高效利用提 供理论依据。【方法】以常见含钾矿物（黑云母、白云母、正长石、微斜长石）为材料，采用低分子量有机酸（草 酸、酒石酸）和无机酸（硝酸）连续浸提的方法，研究钾素释放规律及动力学。【结果】与水（对照）相比，酒 石酸、草酸和硝酸累积提取黑云母钾量显著增加了2.7 倍、4.1 倍、22.3 倍；提取白云母的钾量显著增加了61.2%、 106.5%和226.8%；提取正长石的钾量显著增加了39.0%、87.6%和154.6%；提取微斜长石的钾量显著增加了44.5%、 88.9%和158.7%。分别用一级动力学模型、双常数模型、扩散模型、Elovich 模型对不同含钾矿物的累积释钾量进 行拟合，动力学方程的相关系数为 0.708—1.000 （r0.01=0.549），均显著相关。【结论】各浸提剂均能显著提高 钾的释放量；含钾矿物不同，钾的累积释放量差异显著，表现为黑云母＞白云母＞微斜长石≈正长石。黑云母、 正长石、微斜长石的最优模型是双常数模型，白云母的最优模型是Elovich 模型。 关键词：低分子量有机酸；含钾矿物；释放；动力学 Study on Potassium Release Kinetics of Several K-Bearing Minerals by Sequential Extraction of Different Acid Solution WANG Jin, LI Xiao-kun, LU Jian-wei, WANG Zheng, ZHAN Li-ping (Resources and Environment College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070) Abstract: 【Objective 】Potassium release and kinetics of different K-bearing minerals were studied to provide scientific evidence for reasonable evaluation of K fertility and high efficient utilization of soil potassium. 【Method 】Different K-bearing minerals (biotite, muscovite, orthoclase and microcline) were extracted successively with low-molecular weight organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid) and inorganic acids (HNO ) to study potassium release and kinetics. 【Result 】The results showed that the amount 3 of K from biotite extracted successively by oxalic acid, tartaric acid and HNO3 by increased significantly 2.7 times, 4.1 times and 22.3 times compared to th