低分子量聚乳酸包膜尿素的缓释特性及其减少氨挥发的作用.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2012,45(2):283-291 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.02.010 低分子量聚乳酸包膜尿素的缓释特性 及其减少氨挥发的作用 吕 静，李 丹，孙建兵，倪吾钟 （浙江大学环境与资源学院/浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点实验室，杭州 310029) 摘要：【目的】制备低分子量聚乳酸包膜尿素，研究其缓释效果和减少氨挥发的作用。【方法】以相对分子质 量5 000 和10 000 的聚乳酸为包膜材料，采用流化喷涂法分别制备包膜尿素，再用石蜡作封闭处理或不处理，制 得4 种包膜尿素；通过扫描电镜观察包膜结构，采用土柱间歇淋溶的方法研究不同肥料施入土壤后氮素的释放， 并通过培养试验观测氨挥发损失。【结果】扫描电镜观察结果表明，两种低分子量聚乳酸均能在尿素颗粒表面成膜， 石蜡封闭处理能有效减少包膜中的空隙；在等氮量条件下，包膜尿素处理的氮素淋出量显著小于普通尿素处理 （P＜0.01），缓释效果明显；培养试验结果表明，包膜尿素施入土壤后的氨挥发损失也显著小于普通尿素处理。 【结论】低分子量聚乳酸包膜尿素是一种环境友好的新型缓释肥料，值得开发应用。 关键词：低分子量聚乳酸；包膜尿素；膜结构；氮素释放；氨挥发 Slow Release Characteristics of the Low Molecular Weight Polylactic Acid- Coated Urea and Its Reduction Effects on Soil Ammonia Volatilization LÜ Jing, LI Dan, SUN Jian-bing, NI Wu-zhong (College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hangzhou 310029) Abstract: 【Objective】 This paper presented an approach for preparing low molecular weight polylactic acid (PLA)- coated slow-release urea. The release behavior and reduction of ammonia volatilization after the coated urea added into soil were studied. 【Method】 By spouted-spraying methods, film coated urea fertilizers were prepared with two types of low molecular weight PLA (relative molecular weight-RMW5 000 and RMW10 000) respectively, retreated with paraffin wax as sealant or not, thus four types of coated urea were obtained. The structure of coating film was observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), nitrogen release was investigated by a soil column leaching m