地下穴灌对苹果冠下土壤水分分布及叶片水分利用效率的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2013,46(17):3651-3658 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.17.014 地下穴灌对苹果冠下土壤水分分布及叶片水分利用效率的影响 毕润霞，杨洪强，杨萍萍，范伟国，陈锦璞，樊树雷，吴瑞刚 （山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安 271018 ） 摘要：【目的】探讨地下穴灌技术对苹果树冠下土壤水分分布和叶片水分利用率的影响，明确地下穴灌方 法的作用特点。【方法】以8 年生苹果树为试材，通过穴贮肥水和地面集中灌溉的比较，研究地下穴灌处理果树 冠下土壤水分时空分布，分析苹果叶片光合性能和水分利用效率。【结果】采用地面集中灌溉处理，果树冠下土 壤含水量在灌溉后第3 天快速下降，土壤水分主要集中于 10—30 cm 土层，水分分布区呈“盘子状”。采用地下 穴灌土壤含水量在灌溉7 d 后迅速下降，土壤水分主要集中在40—60 cm 土层。地下穴灌使土壤含水量在较长 时间内维持最高水平，土壤水分“上少下多”，分布区如正立的“葫芦状”；采用穴贮肥水灌溉处理后，土壤水 分主要分布在10—60 cm 土层，分布区如“圆筒形”。采用地下穴灌的果树叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率及水分利 用率在3 种灌溉方式中均最高。【结论】地下穴灌将土壤水分稳定在根系集中分布层，提高了光合速率和叶片水 分利用率。 关键词：苹果树；地下穴灌；土壤水分；光合速率；水分利用率 Effect of Cavity Irrigation Underground on the Distribution of Soil Water Under the Canopy and Leaf Water Use Efficiency of Apple BI Run-xia, YANG Hong-qiang, YANG Ping-ping, FAN Wei-guo, CHEN Jin-pu, FAN Shu-lei, WU Rui-gang (College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an271018, Shandong) Abstract: 【Objective 】 The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the distribution of soil water under the canopy and leaf water use efficiency of apple by the cavity irrigation underground. 【Method 】 Eight-year-old apple trees were used as materials in the experiment. The spatial and temporal distribution of soil water under canopy of trees and photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of leaves were analyzed by comparing the cavity irrigation underground with storing water and fertilizer in the hollow and normal surface irrigation. 【Result 】The results showed that the soil water under canopy of trees rapidly declined after 3 days and it mainly concentrated in the range of 10-30 cm by the norm