短季棉早熟不早衰生化辅助育种技术研究.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(4):664-670 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 短季棉早熟不早衰生化辅助育种技术研究 喻树迅，宋美珍，范术丽，原日红 （中国农业科学院棉花研究所/农业部遗传改良重点实验室，安阳 455004 ） 摘要：为解决棉花育种中普遍存在的早熟早衰问题，研究了与短季棉早熟不早衰有关的抗氧化系统酶包括超 氧化物岐化酶SOD、过氧化物酶POD和过氧化氢酶CAT，氧化产物之一丙二醛性MDA，以及生长素IAA 和脱落酸ABA 在不同类型短季棉品种中不同生长发育时期的变化规律和遗传特性。CAT活性、叶绿素含量存在明显的母体效应； SOD 活性、可溶性蛋白含量、IAA 和 MDA 含量存在显著的显性效应；POD 活性、ABA 含量存在显著的加性效应。根 据不同种类生化物质的变化及其遗传规律，建立了生化辅助育种技术体系，确定了早熟不早衰品种生化物质的相 对选择标准：选择范围、选择酶活量和选择时间；应用该技术成功培育出早熟不早衰的短季棉中棉所20、中棉所 24、中棉所27 和中棉所36等品种。 关键词：短季棉；早熟不早衰；生化物质；辅助育种 Studies on Biochemical Assistant Breeding Technology of Earliness Without Premature Senescence of the Short-Season Upland Cotton YU Shu-xun, SONG Mei-zhen, FAN Shu-li, YUAN Ri-hong (Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang 455004 ) Abstract : The anti-oxidant enzymes including SOD, POD and CAT and MDA, which is one of the oxidant products, and IAA and ABA, which were relative to earliness but not to decrepitation of the short-season upland cotton (SSC), were studied. The changes and hereditary characters of these biochemical substances at different development stages in different types of short-season upland cottons were studied. CAT activity and ABA content in SSC had significant maternal effect. The activity of SOD, the contents of soluble proteins, IAA and MDA showed significant dominant effect. The activity of POD and the contents of ABA showed significant additive effect. Based on the changes and genetic development, the biochemical assistant breeding technology was established and the relative selective standards, i.e. the selective