干旱地区农田浅耕对杂草控制及土壤水分、养分的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2006,39(8):1697-1702 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 干旱地区农田浅耕对杂草控制及土壤水分、养分的影响 辛存岳，郭青云，魏有海，郭良芝，翁 华 （青海省农林科学院植物保护研究所，西宁 810016 ） 摘要：【目的】在干旱农业区有效控制农田杂草，减少对土壤水分、养分的消耗，有效利用自然降水，为发 展旱作农业，提高产量提供依据。【方法】连续3年浅耕、深耕配施除草剂，采样调查耕层杂草种子的消长及土壤 水分、养分的变化。【结果】秋收后2 d浅耕，将落入地表85%～90%的杂草种子全部耙入0～10 cm 耕层内，便于 防除。5、10 d浅耕，随土壤裂缝进入10 cm以下种子依次占1.8%、4.1%；深耕，0～10 cm耕层杂草种子占19.8%,10～ 30 cm 耕层种子占 80.2%，10 cm 以下土层种子很少萌发出苗,难以根除；浅耕配施除草剂，耕层杂草种子平均每 年以 75.4%的速度下降，深耕以 27.3%速度下降；浅耕可节约 50%机耕费，在蓄水灌溉地区可节约 50%灌水量；浅 耕耙松表土，防止土壤水分散失，对不同耕作层的水分、养分含量影响不大；浅耕耕种2～3年应深翻耕种或休闲 一年。【结论】在干旱地区秋收深耕，对翻入土壤10 cm 以下的杂草种子难以根除，且造成土壤风蚀严重，水分严 重不足，影响播种或出苗，也是形成春旱的主要原因。而浅耕则有助于旱作农业的持续、稳定发展。 关键词：旱作农业；浅耕灭草；耕层水分；养分 Effect on Soil Moisture, Nutrient and Weed Control in Arid Farmland by Shallow Tillage XIN Cun-yue, GUO Qing-yun, WEI You-hai, GUO Liang-zhi, WENG Hua (Institute of Plant Protection, Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Xining 810016) Abstract: 【Objective 】In order to provide the basis of output improvement and arid farmland development, reduce the consumption of soil moisture and nutrient and control the weed and utilize natural precipitation. 【Method 】Changes of the quantity of weed seeds, soil moisture and nutrient by shallow tillage accompanied herbicide and deep tillage had been studied for 3 years. 【Result 】 85%-90% weed seeds which fell in 0-10 cm soil layer were controlled easily by shallow tillage 2 days after autumn harvest, and weed seeds were 1.8% and 4.1% respectively below 10 cm soil layer after 5 and 10 days. 80.2% of weed seeds were in 10-30 cm soil layer by deep tillage, and 19.8% were in 0-10 cm. It was difficult to contr