棉株生理年龄对纤维加厚发育及纤维比强度形成的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2006,39(2):265-273 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 棉株生理年龄对纤维加厚发育及纤维比强度形成的影响 蒋光华，周治国，陈兵林，孟亚利 （南京农业大学／农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室，南京 210095 ） 摘要：【目的】研究棉株生理年龄对棉纤维加厚发育及纤维比强度形成的影响。【方法】通过设置播期试验使 位于棉株不同部位的棉花“三桃”（伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃）的棉纤维加厚发育期（铃龄 25～50 d）处于相同的 温度条件下（统计伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃棉纤维加厚发育期日均温分别为 22.0、19.4 和 15.3℃）。【结果】棉花 “三桃”的棉纤维加厚发育及纤维比强度受温度和棉株生理年龄的双重影响，棉株生理年龄是影响伏桃、早秋桃 棉纤维加厚发育的主要因子，对棉株上部果枝的伏桃和下部果枝的早秋桃棉纤维加厚发育具有显著影响，铃重、 衣分和纤维比强度均明显低于其他部位；棉纤维加厚发育期低温则是影响晚秋桃棉纤维加厚发育及纤维比强度的 首要因子。在本试验15.3℃的温度条件下，棉纤维蔗糖合成酶活性显著降低，β-1，3-葡聚糖酶活性显著升高， 同时纤维素累积量和累积速率均显著降低，棉花铃重低于2 g，纤维比强度低于20 CN·tex-1 。【结论】棉株生理年 龄对伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃纤维比强度的影响作用依次增强。 关键词：棉株生理年龄；棉纤维；加厚发育；纤维比强度 Effect of Cotton Physiological Age on the Fiber Thickening Development and Fiber Strength Formation JIANG Guang-hua, ZHOU Zhi-guo, CHEN Bing-lin, MENG Ya-li (Nanjing Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095 ) Abstract: 【Objective 】Effects of physiological age of cotton plant on the physiological mechanism of fiber thickening development and fiber strength were studied. 【Method 】 By setting different seeding times, puting the fiber thickening development process of boll which situated in the different positions of cotton plant under the same temperature conditions, mean daily temperature for summer boll, early autumn boll and late autumn boll within boll age of 25 to 50 days were 22.0℃,19.4℃ and 15.3 ℃ accordingly. 【Result 】The results of 2-year experiment showed that: there were double effect of temperature and physiological age of cotton plant on fiber thickening development and fiber strength formation, the physiological age of cotton plant was the principal factor and there were evidently ef