麻类纤维提取工程微生物研究回顾与展望.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(增刊1):363-367 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 麻类纤维提取工程微生物研究回顾与展望 刘正初 （中国农业科学院麻类研究所，长沙410205 ） 摘要：回顾与展望麻类纤维提取工程微生物研究，旨在为缓解森林和石油资源短缺现象，保证生态和粮食安 全，推动中国生物质产业可持续发展提供科学依据。本文以利用微生物分泌的酶催化苎麻等草本纤维原料中非纤 维素物质降解，提取纤维素纤维用作纺织、造纸等纤维质工业原料为主线，系统而概括性论述了麻类纤维提取微 生物工程研究的学术意义、重要进展、国内外概况、现有科技成果水平以及关键科学问题。由此说明，麻类工程 微生物研究从天然菌种选育到基因工程菌株构建、从发酵条件摸索到生化反应工艺改造、从苎麻生物脱胶技术到 草本纤维生物提取工程，业已发展成为一个交叉学科。 关键词：麻类；纤维提取；工程微生物 Review and Prospect of Researches of Microorganism Engineering for Bast Fibers Extracting LIU Zheng-chu (Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205) Abstract: The objective of this paper is to review and look forward to researches of microorganism engineering for bast fibers extracting, to provide scientific theoretics for resolving problem of petroleum and forest supply, ensure safety of food supply and entironment, and promote sustainable development of bio-energy and bio-material industry. It is the primary law to use microbes and their enzyme to decompose non-cellulose from raw herbaceous fibers and to extract refined fibers which are widely used as excellent materials for manufacturing of textile, paper-making, and so on. It was disussed summarily and systemically the technical significance, important research achievements, domestic and international situations, technology production level, and focus scientific petroleum about researches of microorganism engineering for bast fibers extracting. It is showing a crossing research field that the researches of microorganism engineering for bast fibers extracting are developed from natural strain choosing to gene-engineering strain conformation, from fermentation condition exploring to biochemis