中国抛秧稻作技术体系及其特征.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2008,41(1):43-52 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 中国抛秧稻作技术体系及其特征 张洪程 1,2，戴其根 1,2，霍中洋 1,2，许 轲 1,2，魏海燕 1 1 2 （扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏扬州 225009 ； 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，江苏扬州 225009 ） 摘要：自20世纪80年代以来，中国对抛秧稻作进行了大量的研究与示范推广工作，使抛秧稻作获得了惊人 的进展，逐渐形成了集省工省力与高效于一体、能适应各种稻作体制和中国农村经济状况的抛秧稻作技术体系。 该体系主要由以下 6 个方面构成：（1）阐明了抛秧立苗过程；（2）剖析了田间分布格局及其生态生理效应；（3） 揭示了生长发育与产量形成的基本特征；（4）研明了高产形成规律及调控途径；（5）创立了多样化实用育秧方法； （6）研究并集成了大田培管配套技术。该技术体系的4 个主要特征：（1）是一个内涵极为丰富的多元结构技术体 系；（2）具有在实事中求“是”的科学基础；（3）实用性强、应用性广、推广速度快；（4）紧扣现代稻作发展实 际，不断破旧创新。 关键词：水稻；抛秧；技术体系 Cultivation Technical System of Rice Seedling Broadcasting and Its Characteristics ZHANG Hong-cheng1,2, DAI Qi-gen1,2, HUO Zhong-yang1,2, XU Ke1,2, WEI Hai-yan1 1 ( Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province ; 2 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province) Abstract: The cultivation techniques of rice seedling broadcasting have been developed since 1980s when a series of researches and applications for seedling broadcasting were conducted. And then a labor saving and high efficiency cultivation system of rice seedling broadcasting was developed which is suitable for multiple cropping systems and rural economic conditions in China. The system is composed of 6 parts which are showed as follows. (1) The process of seedling standing and establishing was studied and it could be divided into three successive phases including physical, physiological and morphological standing. (2) Spatial distribution of seedlings in field and its eco-physiological effect