Chapter 1(C-E).pptVIP

A New Coursebook on Chinese-English Translation 第1章 绪论 主讲： 朱淑芹 赵 侠 E-mail: mayzhaoxia@ School of Foreign Languages 第1章 绪论（8个学时） 教学目的：了解汉英翻译的性质、标准和对译者的要求 教学重点：汉英翻译的标准 教学难点：如何把握翻译的标准 What is Translation? Translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language. Linguistic Views on Translation Translation may be defined as the replacement of textual material in one language (the source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (the target language) (Catford 1965: 20). Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida Taber 1969: 12). Translation theory derives from comparative linguistics, and within linguistics, it is mainly an aspect of semantics; all questions of semantics relate to translation theory (Newmark 1982/1988: 5). Cultural Views on Translation In the cultural approach, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures, i.e. translation is an intercultural communication; hence the terms of intercultural cooperation, acculturation, and transculturation. Some Famous Viewpoints Translation is a process which occurs between cultures rather than simply between languages (Shuttleworth Cowie 1997: 35). A translator who uses a cultural approach is simply recognizing that each language contains elements which are derived from its culture (such as greetings, fixed expressions and REALIA), that every text is anchored in a specific culture, and that conventions of text production and reception vary from culture to culture (Shuttleworth Cowie 1997: 35). For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function (Nida 2001: 82). *翻译不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题。译者不仅要了解外国的文化，还要深入了解自