数量性状遗传基础研究的回顾与思考――后基因组时代数量遗传领域的挑战.pdfVIP

第24 卷第2期 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版) Vol.24 o.2 2003 年6月 Journal of Yangzhou University (Agricultural and Life Sciences Edition) Jun　2003 数量性状遗传基础研究的回顾与思 ———后基因组时代数量遗传领域的挑战 莫惠栋 (扬州大学 数量遗传研究室, 江苏 扬州, 225009) 摘　要:回顾了100 多年来数量性状遗传研究的发展。数量性状的遗传研究长期落后于质量性状的研究, 主要是对其遗传基础 缺乏必要的了解。20 世纪80 年代开始, D A 分子标记的大量开发, 提供了遍布于基因组的位置参照点, 促进了数量性状遗传基 础研究的迅速发展。迄今至少已对68个生物种的很多数量性状(包括动、植物的重要经济性状和人类疾病)作过全基因组的数 量性状座位(QTL)扫描, 建立了QTL 图谱。但是一般地说, QTL仍然是一个相当大的D A 片断, 往往含有多个基因。遗传基础的 进一步研究应当从QTL 到数量性状基因(QTG), 再从QTG 到相应于等位基因的数量性状核苷酸(QT ), 逐步深入下去。这是后 基因组时代数量遗传领域的主要挑战。基因组上数以万计的D A序列变异(例如S P)以及模式生物全基因组测序的完成, 已为 这种准确的遗传剖分提供了必要的条件。 关键词:数量性状;遗传基础或结构;数量性状座位;数量性状基因;数量性状核苷酸;准确作图 中图分类号:Q 348　　　　　文献标识码:A　　　　　文章编号:1671 4652(2003)02 0024 08 LOOK BACK AND REFLECT ON GENETIC RESEARCHES OF VARIATION FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS A CHALLENGE FOR QUANTITATIVE GENETICS IN POST-GENOME ERA MO Hui-dong (Lab of Quantitativegenetics, Yangzhou Univ, Yangzhou, 225009, China) ABSTRACT:The genetic researches of variation for quantitative traits were retrospected since 1885.The researches on quantitative traits lagged that on qualitative traits over long time because of poorly understanding of the genetic basis or architecture for quantitative variation.Since late 1980s, the D A sequence variants, i.e., the molecular markers, were detected on a large-scale, and provided densely positional controllsoverwhole-genome.Thus, genetic basis researches for quantitative traitswere strongly promoted.Upto now, many quantitative traits in 68 species of living things at least, including many important economic traits in plants and animals, and hu- man diseases, have been conducted on thewhole-genome scan for quantitative trait loci (QTL), and QTL mappings were established. However, in generally speaking, a QTL is still a considerable D A fragmentfrequently containing multiplex genes.Further investigations on the genetic basis should be