第章组织结构设计讲解.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 表 10-3 Mechanistic Versus Organic Organization * ? High specialization ? Rigid departmentalization ? Clear chain of command ? Narrow spans of control ? Centralization ? High formalization ? Cross-functional teams ? Cross-hierarchical teams ? Free flow of information ? Wide spans of control ? Decentralization ? Low formalization Two generic models of organizational design 两种基本组织设计模型 P.274 1. Mechanistic Organization 机械型组织 A rigid and tightly controlled structure 刚性及严格控制的结构 High specialization Rigid departmentalization Narrow spans of control High formalization Limited information network (downward) 有限的信息网络（之上而下） Low decision participation 决策参与程度低 2. Organic Organization 有机体型组织 Highly flexible and adaptable structure 高柔性及可调适的结构 Non-standardized jobs 工作非标化 Fluid team-based structure 流动的团队结构 Little direct supervision 很少的直接监管 Minimal formal rules 最低程度的正式规则 Open communication network 开放沟通网络 Empowered employees 员工授权 4 Contingency Factors 4个权变要素 PP.275-277 Structural decisions are influenced by 组织结构决策受以下因素的影响: Overall strategy of the organization 组织的总体战略 Size of the organization 组织的规模 Technology use by the organization 组织适用的技术 Degree of environmental uncertainty 环境不确定程度 * 4 Contingency Factors 4个权变要素 1. Strategy and Structure 战略与结构 Organizational structure follows strategy. 4 Contingency Factors 4个权变要素 2. Size and Structure 规模与结构 Firms change from organic to mechanistic organizations as they grow in size. 随着规模扩大，组织会从有机体向机械型变化 4 Contingency Factors 4个权变要素 3. Technology and Structure 技术与结构 Routine technology例常技术 = mechanistic organizations Non-routine technology非例常技术 = organic organizations 4 Contingency Factors 4个权变要素 4. Environmental Uncertainty and Structure 环境不确定性与结构 Dynamic environments require organic structures; mechanistic structures need stable environments. 变化的环境要求有机结构，稳定环境需要机械结构 Common Organizational Designs 常见的组织设计形式 Learning Outcome 10.3 What are the 3 traditional organizational designs and their characteristics 3种