变质相变质相系列详解.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Note that CaO is now subtracted from Al2O3 in calculating A This eliminates CaO and plagioclase from the diagram by projecting We are now interested only in the Al that occurs in excess of that combined with K, Na, and Ca to make any feldspar As a result, no feldspar, including anorthite or any intermediate plagioclase, plots on the AKF diagram Only one atom of Ca is subtracted from two of Al because the Al:Ca ratio in anorthite is 1:2. Another figurative AKF to show where minerals plot Al-poor rocks contain biotite, and may contain an amphibole if sufficiently rich in Mg and Fe, or microcline if not Rocks richer in Al contain andalusite and cordierite Four principal components thus remain (A?=?Al2O3, K?=?K2O, F?=?FeO, M?=?MgO) In order to avoid dealing with a three-dimensional tetrahedron, Thompson projected the phases in the system to the AFM face, thereby eliminating K2O He recognized that projecting from K2O would not work, since no phase corresponds to this apical point, and projections would cross important tie-lines Since muscovite is the most widespread K-rich phase in metapelites, he decided to project from muscovite (Mu) to the AFM base as shown Projecting from muscovite can lead to a strange looking AFM projections Note that Mu is still rather K-poor, and only mineral phases in the volume A-F-M-Mu in Fig. 24-18 will be projected to points within the AFM face of the AKFM tetrahedron Biotite is outside this volume, and projecting it from Mu causes it to plot as a band (of variable Fe/Mg) outside the AFM triangle Muscovite may be absent in some pelitic rocks, particularly at higher grades when it dehydrates, giving way to K-feldspar as the common high-K phase When this is the case, the AFM diagram should be projected from K-feldspar if the mineral assemblages of the diagram are to have significance When projected from Kfs, biotite projects within the F-M base of the AFM triangle We avoid having to create diagr