Chapt 3 摄食和消化生理要点.ppt

钡——造影剂 不同的种类完成这些过程的时间是不同的，食物不同，这些时间也会不同。时间没有包括食物在胃中的移动时间，从幽门部开始的，即在部分消化管段内的移动时间。造影剂的移动代表机械性消化过程。 这里谈的是食物在整个消化道的消化时间经过，胃排空只是指食物从胃排向肠道的过程。 真消化率的值大于表观消化率的值。 虹鳟消化管内造影剂的移动经过 钡餐 造影剂的移动 代表机械性消 化过程 造影剂在鲤鱼消化管内移动 食后化学性消化时间经过 全消化道情况 消化吸收率的概念 消化吸收率：食物中某营养成分被消化吸收的量占原食物中该成分总量的百分数。简称：消化率 从粪便扣除消化液、肠道脱落细胞和肠道细菌中同成分代谢量，计算的消化率为真消化率。（真实值） 不扣除这些成分代谢量，计算的消化率为表观消化率。（值偏小） 通常计算的是表观消化率。 第七节 鱼类食欲与摄食调节机制 鱼类调控食物摄入的过程 环境因子对鱼类摄食率的影响 (a) Food intake (g/day wet weight) in relation to tank biomass (g) at temperatures of 18°C and 6°C in juvenile seabass. Adapted from Russell et al. 1996. (b) Mean (±95% confidence intervals) morning feed intake (g/kg/meal) in Nile tilapia held at high (5.5 mg/l) and low (3 mg/l) dissolved oxygen. Adapted from Tran-Duy et al. 2008. 信号进入神经中枢系统调控鱼类摄食及能量平衡 下丘脑 鱼类摄食及能量调控相关的荷尔蒙及神经递质 Cholecystokinin (CCK) 胆囊收缩素 : A gastrointestinal peptide released from cells in the duodenal mucosa肠粘膜 in response to the presence of components of gastric chyme 食糜. Also present in neurons in the peripheral 外周and central nervous system. CCK inhibits gastric emptying and the secretion of gastric acid, stimulates gall bladder 胆囊contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion and is implicated in the central regulation of food intake, acting as a ‘satiety hormone’. Corticotropin.促肾上腺皮质激素-releasing factor/hormone (CRF/CRH): A peptide synthesised in the hypothalamus下丘脑 with neuromodulatory actions that acts on the anterior pituitary 垂体 前叶 leading to release of adrenocorticotropic 促肾上腺皮质的 hormone. Implicated in the regulation of energy balance via suppression of food intake. Galanin甘丙肽: A peptide produced by cells in both the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. Central. administration of galanin stimulates feeding. Ghrelin饥饿激素: A peptide hormone secreted mostly in the stomach, but also in the kidney, pituitary and hypothalamus. A potent stimulus for secretion of growth hormone. Also acts as a regulator of feeding, increasing food intake, and may be a signal for meal initiat