大数据数据挖掘培训讲义机器学习,发现模式详解.pptVIP

COM 307: Machine Learning and Data Mining Machine Learning:finding patterns Outline Machine learning and Classification Examples *Learning as Search Bias Weka Finding patterns Goal: programs that detect patterns and regularities in the data Strong patterns ? good predictions Problem 1: most patterns are not interesting Problem 2: patterns may be inexact (or spurious) Problem 3: data may be garbled or missing Machine learning techniques Algorithms for acquiring structural descriptions from examples Structural descriptions represent patterns explicitly Can be used to predict outcome in new situation Can be used to understand and explain how prediction is derived(may be even more important) Methods originate from artificial intelligence, statistics, and research on databases Can machines really learn? Definitions of “learning” from dictionary: Classification Classification: Linear Regression Classification: Decision Trees Classification: Neural Nets Outline Machine learning and Classification Examples *Learning as Search Bias Weka The weather problem The weather problem Given this data, what are the rules for play/not play? The weather problem Conditions for playing Weather data with mixed attributes Weather data with mixed attributes How will the rules change when some attributes have numeric values? Weather data with mixed attributes Rules with mixed attributes The contact lenses data A complete and correct rule set A decision tree for this problem Classifying iris flowers Predicting CPU performance Example: 209 different computer configurations Linear regression function Soybean classification The role of domain knowledge But in this domain, “leaf condition is normal” implies“leaf malformation is absent”! Outline Machine learning and Classification Examples *Learning as Search Bias Weka Learning as search Inductive learning: find a concept description that fits the data Example: rule sets as description language Enormous, but finite, search space S