计算机专业英语教程new资料.ppt

Chapter 9 Artificial Intelligence Intelligence is the integrated sum of those feats which gives us the ability to remem-ber a face not seen for thirty or more years,or to build and send rockets to the moon. It is those capabilities which set Homo sapiens apart from other forms of living things-2-. And,as we shall seethe food for this intelligence is knowledge. 智能是这些技艺的集成之和，使我们能回忆起30年或更多年未见的面孔，或建造并发送火箭到月球的能力。是这些能力使人类区别于其他的有生命体。并且，如同我们将看到的，这个智能的食粮是知识。 Chapter 9 Artificial Intelligence (a) AI is currently being applied in business in the form of knowledge systems, which use human knowledge to solve problems. The most popular type of knowledge-based system is the expert system. An expert system is a computer program that attempts to represent the knowledge of human experts in the form of heuristics. The term heuristic is derived from the same Greek root as the word eureka, which means “to discover”. (b) The user interface enables the manager to enter instructions and information into the expert system and to receive information from it. The instructions specify the parameters that guide the expert system through its reasoning processing. The information is in the form of values assigned to certain variables. Chapter 9 Artificial Intelligence (c) The knowledge base contains both facts that describe the problem area and knowledge representation techniques that describe how the facts fit together in a logical manner. The term problem domain is used to describe the problem area. (d) An expert system, also called a knowledge-based system, is an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. Expert systems are excellent for diagnostic and prescriptive problems. (e) The DSS is not intended to replace the manager. The computer can be applied to the structured portion of the problem, but the manager is responsible for the unstructured portion——applying judg