汉语国际推广语言标准策略研究.doc-对外汉语研究中心.docVIP

汉语国际推广的语言标准建设与竞争策略 北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心 王建勤 〔摘要〕汉语国际推广面临两大困扰，一是缺少适合海外的所谓“精品”教材， 二是缺少所谓“合格”的汉语师资。造成这种局面的主要原因是我们缺少一个面 向世界汉语教学的、大家普遍认同的汉语教学与评估标准。欧盟和美国先后出台 的外语教学标准对对外汉语教学领域带来了新鲜空气，但同时对汉语国际推广带 来重大影响，对汉语教学观念、汉语教学标准建设以及汉语教材出版带来巨大挑 战。因此，汉语要走向世界，必须更新教学观念，尽快研制面向全球的汉语学习 教学与评估标准；建立标准的兼容机制和竞争机制；开发基于标准的、面向海外 的新型汉语教材，满足海外汉语教学市场的需求。 〔关键词〕汉语标准建设 标准竞争策略 汉语国际推广 The Language Standards of the International Promotion of Chinese Language and the Competitive Strategies Jianqin Wang Center for Studies of Chinese as a Second Language Beijing Language and Culture University Abstract: there are two problems to block the international promotion of Chinese language: one is lack of so-called “excellent-quality” textbooks; another “qualified” Chinese teachers. The main reason for these is that we have not established a widely recognized standard for Chinese language learning, teaching and assessment all over the world, but Europe and U.S.A. have successively established their own standards. These standards have not only brought the fresh air into the field of teaching Chinese as a second language, but also challenged the ideas of Chinese language teaching, standard establishing, textbook publishing and the international promotion of Chinese language. We have to change our views on language teaching, establish a global standard, a compatible and competitive mechanism of the standard, and develop the standard-based teaching materials for overseas students if we really want to promote Chinese language and culture in the world. Key Words: establishment of Chinese language standards, competition strategy of standards, international promotion of Chinese language ○、问题的提出 经济全球化带来了汉语学习市场的空前高涨。据称，目前海外学习汉语的人数达到了3000万。这在对外汉语教学史上是前所未有的。面对海外汉语教学这种大好形势，我们一方面感到振奋，同时我们也陷于前所未有的困扰。这种困扰主要来自两个方面：一是缺少适合海外的所谓“精品”教材，二是缺少所谓“合格”的汉语师资。这是目前困扰汉语国际推广的两大问题。 关于对外汉语教材，特别是面向海外的汉语教材，近些年来受到国内外专家、学者和汉语教师以至于汉语学习者诸多批评。面对这些批评，从事多年汉语教材编写和研究的专家学者和汉语教师感到非常困惑，大家一时不知道该怎么为外国人编写教材。 关于汉语师资，特别是汉语师资的培训与选拔，海内外的专家学者在什么是“合格”的汉语教师的问题上争论不休，甚至在教学观念上和教学实