第八章被動語氣(PassiveVoice).docVIP

第八章被動語氣(Passive Voice) 8 1 及物動詞和不及物動詞 任何一個英文句子必定有一個動詞，請先注意以下例句的動詞 1. He was a teacher before. 2. He went to school yesterday. 3. He hit a dog. 4. I saw you yesterday. 5. He walks to school every day. 6. He sent this book to me. 7. They are good students. 8. He wrote two novels. 9. They ate all of the apples. 10. He swims every morning. 在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8 及9 句子中的動詞都是及物動 詞（transitive verbs）。這些動詞後面都跟著一個名詞，而這個名詞是 動詞的受詞（object ），其他句子的動詞，都是不及物動詞，因為他們 都沒有任何受詞。 我們將以上句子中，主詞、及物動詞和受詞的關係分析如下： 句子主詞及物動詞受詞 He hit a dog. He hit dog I saw you yesterday. I saw you He sent his book to me. He sent his book He wrote two novels. He wrote two novels They ate all of the apples. They ate all of the apples 一旦動詞是及物動詞，我們就可以將這個句子由原來的主動語氣 （active voice）改成被動語氣（passive voice）。但我們也要警告讀者， 不要輕易用被動語氣，因為有時被動語氣的句子是不自然的。 8 2 沒有助動詞的被動語氣 在這以前，我們的句子都是主動語氣，這種句子的基本形式如下： 主詞＋動詞＋受詞 所謂的被動語氣，乃是將原來的受詞變成主詞。舉例來說，主動 語氣中，我們說〝我看到一些狗〞，在被動語氣中，我們說〝一些狗 被我看到〞。在英文中，將主動語氣改成被動語氣，必須做以下的動 作： （1） 原有受詞變成名詞 （2） 動詞變成verb to be＋過去分詞（past participle） （3） 原有主詞變成在動詞後面，但前面加by。 舉例來說，主動語氣的句子可以是 I saw a cat. 被動語氣就成了 A cat was seen by me. 最重要的是，verb to be 的時式必須和原句子的相同，以上的例 子中，動詞是過去式，所以verb to be 也是過去式。除此以外，verb to be 也要配合新的主詞。請看以下的例子： I saw two cats. 改成被動語氣以後，句子是： Two cats were seen by me. 以下是主動改被動的例子，最重要的是注意verb to be 的形式： 主動語氣（active voice） 被動語氣（passive voice） Mr. Jones hit the dog. The dog was hit by Mr. Jones. My brother saw you yesterday. You were seen by my brother yesterday. He sent the book to me. The book was sent to me by him. Dickens wrote those two novels. Those two novels were written by Dickens. They ate all of the apples. All of the apples were eaten by them. Jane wrote that song. That song was written by Jane. My mother loves me. I am loved by my mother. 【練習二十八】 將以下的句子由主動語氣改成被動： 1. He saw that movie last night. 2. He wrote that letter to me. 3. He teaches those English classes. 4. God loves you. 5. They bought two houses. 6. I painted this room. 7. He grows those roses. 8. He helps his students. 9. I sold the house. 10.My uncle