5-pe-政治经济学中的理性选择详解.ppt

7, Its Critics: The Conservative Perspective Government The purpose of government is to maintain the natural order of society. Government should not only enforce laws protecting property rights. Government should focus on order and control; we are irrational and need stability as a guiding force. 7, Its Critics: The Conservative Perspective Obligation of government to preserve tradition and moral values; tradition is also an element of civil institutions. 7, Its Critics: The Conservative Perspective Morality Morality exists independently of individual opinions of right and wrong. Individual reason is an unreliable guide to morality because reason alone is not sufficiently powerful to override human passions. Moral values include loyalty, patriotism, obedience, courage, faithfulness, deference to authority, honor…… 7, Its Critics: The Conservative Perspective Freedom Freedom exists when individuals are subject neither to arbitrary power nor their own passions. Since isolated individuals cannot gain control of their passions, freedom requires the authority, traditions, and order provided by a stable community. 7, Its Critics: The Conservative Perspective Authority. Authority is legitimate when it resides with persons who fill traditional roles of leadership in society and who have knowledge of truth and virtue. Authority is essential for maintaining order and tradition in any social organization from the family to the nation. 7, Its Critics: The Conservative Perspective Equality People are naturally unequal due to individual abilities. Justice. Justice is fulfilled when order is maintained and the law is administered impartially. Efficiency. Attaining nonmaterial goals such as the maintenance of order, culture, cohesive communities, and individual virtue. 7, Its Critics: The Conservative Perspective Slow and cautious change 7, Its Critics: The Conservative Perspective Example: Conservative Party of Norway: Support Christine values. Committed itse